"The Mahele sought to change this. The ostensible reason was that foreign governments would not see such land tenure as securing ownership of the property. The whites who sought to extend the power of their positions assumed that ownership was needed to keep others from claiming the land. To a great extent, as Osorio points out, they “believed that no truly civilized country could exist without private property” (32). The intent, then, was to protect the rights of the individual resident of land by providing ownership, but the reality was that most of the common people of Hawaii were thus separated from their rights to land and their communal ties. The translation of traditional ties into fee-simple ownership alienated them from their more traditional ties to the land. Land that was originally entrusted from the Mō‘i to overseers, or Konohiki, and worked by commoners, or maka‘ainana, was divided roughly into thirds, with one third reserved to the king, one third going to the lesser chiefs, and one third reserved to the government but claimable by the common people. The traditional view of the way land tenure progressed is that the common people ended up only claiming about 1% of the total available land due to the complex system of laying claim. While more recent studies have questioned this, emphasizing that the people fought legally in very innovative ways to keep land, the Western legal and economic systems that had become influential in the islands were still effective in alienating the maka’ainana from their homesteads. It is actually to the point that it was not the Mahele alone that dispossessed the Hawaiian people from their lands. Before the Mahele, as B. Kamanamaikalani Beamer and T. Kaeo Duarte point out, the people and the Ali‘i held “undivided interest” in the land (n. pag). "
Note: Osorio, Beamer, Duarte of the University of Hawaii at Manoa and Hancock Stephen Hancock "is Associate Professor of English at Brigham Young University—Hawaii. He is the author of The Romantic Sublime and Middle-Class Subjectivity in the Victorian Novel (Routledge, 2005). His current work involves the importance of aesthetics in mediating the ethics of domestic space in the 19th century. " failed to point out the Alodio Titles and all promote the use of "Fee Simple only".
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Alodio Titles not included.
Ken Conklin's website at http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/overthrow.html
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References:
Jan. 17, 1893 | Hawaiian Monarchy Overthrown by America-Backed ...
learning.blogs.nytimes.com/.../jan-17-1893-hawaiian-monarchy-overthr...
Jan 17, 2012 - 17, 1893, Hawaii's monarchy was overthrown when a group of businessmen and sugar planters ... In 1895, Hawaiian royalists began a coup againstthe republic, but it did not succeed. ... Though the Times article from Jan.The Overthrow of the Monarchy - hawaii - independent & sovereign
www.hawaii-nation.org/soa.html
View this article text only, or just the images with captions ... 17, 1893, when the Hawaiian monarchy ended in a day of bloodless revolution. ... of American missionaries, was the firebrand behind the revolution against the Hawaiian Monarchy.Americans overthrow Hawaiian monarchy - Jan 17, 1893 - HISTORY ...
www.history.com/this-day-in.../americans-overthrow-hawaiian-monarch...
On this day in History, Americans overthrow Hawaiian monarchy on Jan 17, 1893 ... a coup against Queen Liliuokalani with the tacit support of the United States.Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii
The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began with the coup d'état of January 17Was the 1893 overthrow of the monarchy illegal? Was it a theft of a ...
www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/overthrow.html
At the time of the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893, 60% of the population had .... King Kalakaua was actively plotting a coup against the Constitution, and was ..... To read the 1893 article, click here (the entire article is copied at the bottom ofStephen Hancock, “On the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy, 1893 ...
www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=stephen...monarchy-1893
This article argues that, while the paradigm of Monarchy was integrated into Hawaiian governance ... Stephen Hancock, “On the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy, 1893″ ..... After struggling against the King for some time, a group of white ...October 7, 1893 - The Monarchy Versus the Republic. | Chicago ...
archives.chicagotribune.com/1893/.../article/...monarchy...republic/index...
Oct 7, 1893 ... Ile has lived under a monarchy as well as in a re- ... to ally one that dare to vilify his - tsr either by testifying or arguing against hin. ... Share article.Jan. 17, 1893: Hawaii's monarchy ends - ABA Journal
www.abajournal.com › In-Depth Reporting
Jan 1, 2016 - 17, 1893: Hawaii's monarchy ends ... arrested and convicted, againstdubious evidence, of fomenting a rebellion against the new government.The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy & the Establishment ...
https://sites.google.com/a/hawaii.edu/ndnp-hawaii/...articles/overthrow
Historical Feature Articles ... The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy & the Establishment Newspapers ... print Queen Liliu'okalani's protest against the overthrow and painted her efforts to reestablish the Kingdom's ... Following the Queen's overthrow on January 17, 1893, the Hawaiian Gazette published the proclamation ...Hawaiian Kingdom - Political History
www.hawaiiankingdom.org/political-history.shtml
Denization was a constitutional prerogative of the Office of the Monarch, whereby
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