Pirate Eyes on Hawaii Series:

DOCUMENTING U.S. PIRATE SECRETARIES OF STATE for the Records

vs. the Hawaiian Kingdom

-A Review-

Researched by Amelia Gora (2018)

The following Secretaries of State from the United States is hereby documented for the records:

Secretaries of State

* John C. Calhoun

John C. Calhoun


7th Vice President of the United States
In office March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832
President	John Quincy Adams (1825–1829) Andrew Jackson (1829–1832)
Preceded by	Daniel D. Tompkins
Succeeded by	Martin Van Buren

"Calhoun served as Secretary of State under John Tyler from 1844 to 1845. As Secretary of State, he supported the annexation of Texas as a means to extend the slave power, and helped settle the Oregon boundary dispute with Britain."

* John Clayton

John Clayton


United States Senator from Delaware
In office March 4, 1853 – November 9, 1856
Preceded by	Presley Spruance
Succeeded by	Joseph P. Comegys
In office March 4, 1845 – February 23, 1849
Preceded by	Richard H. Bayard
Succeeded by	John Wales
In office March 4, 1829 – December 29, 1836
Preceded by	Henry M. Ridgely
Succeeded by	Thomas Clayton
18th United States Secretary of State
In office March 8, 1849 – July 22, 1850
President	Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Daniel Webster

He graduated from Yale University in 1815." "On March 8, 1849 Clayton became U.S. Secretary of State in the Whig administration of Zachary Taylor."

* Daniel Webster -

Daniel Webster


14th and 19th United States Secretary of State
In office July 23, 1850 – October 24, 1852
President	Millard Fillmore
Preceded by	John M. Clayton

Daniel Webster "was the United States Secretary of State under Presidents William Henry Harrison (1841), John Tyler (1841–1843) and Millard Fillmore (1850–1852).^{[2] "}

* William Marcy

William Marcy


21st United States Secretary of State
In office March 7, 1853 – March 6, 1857
President	Franklin Pierce
Preceded by	Edward Everett
Succeeded by	Lewis Cass

He served "as United States Secretary of State under President Franklin Pierce."

* James Buchanan

James Buchanan
Photo in later life by Mathew Brady

15th President of the United States
In office March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861
Vice President	John C. Breckinridge
Preceded by	Franklin Pierce
Succeeded by	Abraham Lincoln

Buchanan Jr. "served as the 15th President of the United States (1857–1861), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of State."

* William Seward

William Seward


24th United States Secretary of State
In office March 6, 1861 – March 4, 1869
President	Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Jeremiah S. Black
Succeeded by	Elihu B. Washburne

He was the "United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869."

* Hamilton Fish

Hamilton Fish


26th United States Secretary of State
In office March 17, 1869 – March 12, 1877
President	Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes
Preceded by	Elihu B. Washburne
Succeeded by	William M. Evarts

"In 1875, Fish initiated the process that would ultimately lead to Hawaiian statehood, by having negotiated a reciprocal trade treaty for the island nation's sugar production.^{[1]" "}

* Frederick Frelinghuysen

Frederick Frelinghuysen


29th United States Secretary of State
In office December 19, 1881 – March 6, 1885
President	Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland
Preceded by	James G. Blaine
Succeeded by	Thomas F. Bayard

"On December 12, 1881, he was appointed United States Secretary of State by President Chester A. Arthur to succeed James G. Blaine, and served until the inauguration of President Grover Cleveland in 1885.^[4] "

* James G. Blaine

James G. Blaine


28th and 31st United States Secretary of State
In office March 9, 1889 – June 4, 1892
President	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	Thomas F. Bayard
Succeeded by	John W. Foster
In office March 7, 1881 – December 19, 1881
President	James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur
Preceded by	William M. Evarts
Succeeded by	Frederick T. Frelinghuysen

"As Secretary of State, Blaine was a transitional figure, marking the end of an isolationist era in foreign policy and foreshadowing the rise of the American Century that would begin with the Spanish–American War."

* John Foster/General John Foster -

John Foster


32nd United States Secretary of State
In office June 29, 1892 – February 23, 1893
President	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	James G. Blaine
Succeeded by	Walter Q. Gresham

"As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."^[2]^:11 "

*Walter Gresham

Walter Gresham


33rd United States Secretary of State
In office March 7, 1893 – May 28, 1895
President	Grover Cleveland
Preceded by	John Foster
Succeeded by	Richard Olney

Walter Q. Gresham served "as Cleveland's Secretary of State. Gresham held that position until his death in 1895. "

SUMMARY

The names of the Secretaries of State from the U.S. were found in the article HAWAII AND THE UNITED STATES, Ex Secretary Foster Declares Annexation the Plain Duty of Our Country, found in The Evening Star, Saturday, March 27, 1897.

John Foster: "As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."^[2]^:11 "

John Foster's article is shown at the following link:

Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, March 27, 1897, Page 17, Image 17

Image provided by Library of Congress, Washington, DC

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1897-03-27/ed-1/seq-17/

Print this image | Download this image

This documents for the records that the U.S. did have intentions to annex the Hawaiian Kingdom since the beginning or in 1820 when the mercenaries/missionaries were sent in waves.

See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missionaries_to_Hawaii

The U.S. Presidents who had their pirate eyes on Hawaii were:

U.S. Presidents Tyler; Taylor; Fillmore; Pierce; Johnson; Grant; and Harrison.

Additionally, Military officers were involved.

Research incomplete.

aloha.