Pirate Eyes on Hawaii Series: The Mercenaries/Missionaries Since 1820

Pirate Eyes on Hawaii Series:

The Mercenaries/Missionaries Since 1820

vs.

the Hawaiian Kingdom

Review by Amelia Gora (2018)

Kamehameha died in 1819.

Mercenaries/Missionaries arrived in waves from the United States, etc.

The Hawaiian Kingdom became inundated with many claiming to follow the word of God.

The article by John Foster, et. als. reveals the true intentions of aliens in the Hawaiian Kingdom.

See: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1897-03-27/ed-1/seq-17/

The missionaries were as follows:

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions[edit]

Several groups were sent from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

First company[edit]

The first ABCFM company arrived on March 30, 1820 on the Thaddeus from Boston:^[1]^[2]

Hiram Bingham I

Rev. Hiram Bingham I (1789–1869), father of Hiram Bingham II and grandfather of Hiram Bingham III
Sybil Moseley Bingham (1792–1848), wife of Hiram Bingham I
Daniel Chamberlain (1782–1881), farmer
Jerusha Burnap (1787–1879), wife of Daniel Chamberlain
Thomas Holman (1793–1826), doctor
Lucia Ruggles Holman (1793–1886), wife of Thomas Holman and sister to Samuel Ruggles, believed to be the first American woman to circumnavigate the globe
Elisha Loomis (1799–1836), the first printer in Hawaii^[3]
Maria Theresa Sartwell (1796–1862), wife of Elisha Loomis
Rev. Samuel Ruggles (1795–1871), who brought the first Kona coffee trees to Hawaii in 1828
Nancy Well (1791–1873), wife of Samuel Ruggles
Rev. Asa Thurston (1787–1868), grandfather of businessman and politician Lorrin A. Thurston
Lucy Goodale (1795–1876), wife of Asa Thurston
Samuel Whitney (1793–1845), father of Henry Martyn Whitney
Mercy Partridge (1795–1872), wife of Samuel Whitney

Second company[edit]

The second ABCFM company arrived on April 23, 1823 on the Thames from New Haven:^[4]

Rev. Artemas Bishop (1795–1872),
Elizabeth Edwards (1796–1828), wife of Artemas Bishop
Abraham Blatchley (1787–1860), doctor
Jemma Marvin (1791–1856), wife of Abraham Blatchley
Levi Chamberlain (1792–1849), superintendent of secular affairs
Rev. James Ely (1798–1890), licensed preacher who founded Kealakekua Church, ordained in 1825
Louisa Everest (1792–1849), wife of James Ely
Rev. Joseph Goodrich (1794–1852), licensed preacher, ordained in 1826, who founded the Hilo Station
Martha Barnes (1801–1840), wife of Joseph Goodrich
Rev. William Richards (1793–1847)
Clarissa Lyman (1794–1861), wife of William Richards
Rev. Charles Samuel Stewart (1795–1870), who published a journal^[5]
Harriet Bradford Tiffany (1798–1830), wife of Charles Samuel Stewart
Betsey Stockton (1798–1865), the first African American and unmarried female missionary

Third company[edit]

Lorrin Andrews

The third ABCFM company arrived on March 30, 1828 on the Parthian from Boston:^[6]

Rev. Lorrin Andrews (1795–1868), founder of Lahainaluna Seminary and judge
Mary Ann Wilson (1804–1879), wife of Lorrin Andrews
Rev. Ephraim Weston Clark (1799–1878), third pastor of Kawaiahaʻo Church
Mary Kittredge (1803–1857), wife of Ephraim Weston Clark
Rev. Jonathan Smith Green (1796–1878), who founded Makawao Union Church
Theodosia Arnold (1792–1859), wife of Jonathan Smith Green
Rev. Peter Johnson Gulick (1796–1877)
Fanny Hinckley Thomas (1798–1883), wife of Peter Gulick
Dr. Gerrit P. Judd (1803–1873), physician and diplomat
Laura Fish (1804–1872), wife of Gerrit P. Judd
Maria Ogden (1792–1874), teacher
Maria Patton (1803–1880), teacher, married Levi Chamberlain
Stephen Shepard (1800–1834), printer
Margaret Caroline Slow (1801–?), wife of Stephen Shepard
Mary Ward (1799–1834), teacher, married Edmund Horton Rogers as his second wife
Delia Stone (1800–1875), teacher, married Artemas Bishop as his second wife

Fourth company[edit]

The fourth ABCFM company arrived June 7, 1831 on the New England from New Bedford:^[7]

Rev. Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), physician on Maui island
Charlotte Fowler (1805–1873), wife of Dwight Baldwin
Rev. Sheldon Dibble (1809–1845), historian and Bible translator^[8]
Maria M. Tomlinson (1808–1837), wife of Sheldon Dibble
Andrew Johnstone (1794–1859), assistant superintendent of secular affairs
Rebecca Worth (1792–1879), wife of Andrew Johnston
Rev. Reuben Tinker (1799–1854)
Mary Throop Wood (1809–1895), wife of Reuben Tinker

Fifth company[edit]

Cochran Forbes

The fifth ABCFM company arrived May 17, 1832 on the Averick from Boston:^[9]

Rev. William Patterson Alexander (1805–1884), whose son founded Alexander & Baldwin
Mary Ann McKinney (1810–1888), wife of William Patterson Alexander
Rev. Richard Armstrong (1805–1860), various missions, second pastor of Kawaiahaʻo Church
Clarissa Chapman (1805–1891), wife of Richard Armstrong
Alonzo Chapin (1805–1876), physician
Mary Ann Tenney (1804–1885), wife of Alonzo Chapin
Rev. John Smith Emerson (1800–1867), founder of Liliuokalani Protestant Church
Ursula Sophia Newell (1806–1888), wife of John Smith Emerson
Rev. Cochran Forbes (1805–1880), the founder of Kealakekua Church in 1833
Rebecca Duncan Smith (1805–1878), Cochran Forbes
Rev. Harvey Rexford Hitchcock (1800–1855), who founded the first church on Molokaʻi island
Rebecca Howard (1808–1890), wife of Harvey Rexford Hitchock
Rev. David Belden Lyman (1803–1868), who founded the Hilo Boarding School
Sarah Joiner (1806–1885), wife of David Belden Lyman
Rev. Lorenzo Lyons (1807–1886), who built Imiola Church in Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii
Betsy Curtis (1813–1837), first wife of Lorenzo Lyons
Edmund Horton Rogers (1806–1853), printer
Rev. Ephraim Spaulding (1802–1840), who built the house at Waineʻe Church
Julia Brooks (1810–1898), wife of Ephraim Spaulding

Sixth company[edit]

The sixth ABCFM company arrived on May 1, 1833 on the Mentor:^[10]

Rev. John Diell (1808–1841)
Caroline Platt (1807–1901), wife of John Diell
Lemuel Fuller (1810–?), printer
Rev. Benjamin Wyman Parker (1803–1877)
Mary Elizabeth Barker (1805-1907), wife of Benjamin Wyman Parker
Rev. Lowell Smith (1802–1891)
Abba Willis Tenney (1809–1885), wife of Lowell Smith

Seventh company[edit]

The seventh ABCFM company arrived on June 6, 1835 on the Hellespont:^[11]

Lydia Brown (1780–1865), teacher
Rev. Titus Coan (1808–1881), first pastor of Haili Church in Hilo^[12]
Fidelia Church (1810–1872), first wife of Titus Coan
Henry Dimond (1808–1895), bookbinder
Ann Maria Anner (1808–1893), wife of Henry Dimond
Edwin Oscar Hall (1810–1883), printer
Sarah Lyons Williams (1812–1876), first wife of Edwin Oscar Hall
Elizabeth Maria Hitchcock (1802–1857), teacher, married Edmund Horton Rogers as his second wife

Eighth company[edit]

The eighth ABCFM company arrived on April 9, 1837 on the Mary Frasier from Boston:^[13]

Seth Lathrop Andrews (1809–1892), physician
Parnelly Pierce (1807–1846), wife of Seth Lathrop Andrews
Edward Bailey (1814–1903), teacher
Caroline Hubbard (1814–1894), wife of Edward Baily
Rev. Isaac Bliss (1804–1851)
Emily Curtis (1811–1865), wife of Isaac Bliss
Samuel Northrup Castle (1808–1894), who co-founded Castle & Cooke
Angeline Lorraine Tenney (1810–1841), first wife of Samuel Northrup Castle
Rev. Daniel Toll Conde (1807–1897)
Andelucia Lee (1810–1855), wife of Daniel Toll Conde
Amos Starr Cooke (1810–1871), who founded the Royal School in Honolulu
Juliette Montague (1812–1896), wife of Amos Starr Cooke and taught at the Royal School
Rev. Mark Ives (1809–1885)
Mary Ann Brainerd (1810–1882), wife of Mark Ives
Rev. Edward Johnson (1813–1867), teacher, ordained 1848
Lois S. Hoyt (1809–1891), wife of Edward Johnson
Horton Owen Knapp (1813–1845), teacher
Charlotte Close (1813–1846), wife of Horton Owen Knapp
Rev. Thomas Lafon (1801–1876)
Sophia Louisa Parker (1812–1844), wife of Thomas Lafon
Edwin Locke (1813–1843), teacher
Martha Laurens Rowell (1812–1842), wife of Edwin Locke
Charles MacDonald (1812–1839), teacher
Harriet Treadwell Halstead (1810–1881), wife of Charles MacDonald
Bethuel Munn (1803–1849), teacher
Louisa Clark (1810–1841), wife of Bethuel Munn
Marcia M. Smith (1806–1896), teacher
Lucia Garratt Smith (1808–1892), teacher, later married to as his second wife Lorenzo Lyons
William Sanford Van Duzee (1811–1883), teacher
Oral Hobart (1814–1891), wife of William Sanford Van Duzee
Abner Wilcox (1808–1869), teacher
Lucy Eliza Hart (1814–1869), wife of Abner Wilcox
Two Hawaiian seamen, Joseph and Levi, served as translators

Ninth company[edit]

John D. Paris

The ninth ABCFM company arrived on May 21, 1841 on the Gloucester:^[14]

Rev. Elias Bond (1813–1896), founded Kalahikiola Church and Kohala Seminary
Ellen Mariner Howell (1817–1881), wife of Elias Bond
Rev. Daniel Dole (1808–1878), who founded of Punahou School
Emily Hoyt Ballard (1808–1844), first wife of Daniel Dole
Rev. John Davis Paris (1809–1892), who founded Kahikolu Church and Hale Halawai O Holualoa
Mary Grant (1807–1847), first wife of John Davis Paris
William Harrison Rice (1813–1862), teacher
Mary Sophia Hyde (1816–1911), wife of William Harrison Rice

Tenth company[edit]

The tenth ABCFM company arrived on September 24, 1842 on the Sarah Abagail from Boston:^[15]

Rev. George Berkeley Rowell (1815–1884)
Malvina Jerusha Chapin (1816–1901)
James William Smith (1810–1887), physician and teacher
Millicent Knapp Smith (1816–1891), wife of James William Smith

Arrived on October 19, 1842 on the Sarah Abagail from New York:^[15]

Rev. Samuel Chenery Damon (1815–1885), publisher of "The Friend".
Julia Sherman Mills (1817–1890), wife of Samuel Chenery Damon

Arrived on September 21, 1843 from Boston, originally intended on going to Oregon:^[15]

Rev. Asa Bowen Smith (1809–1886)
Sarah Gilbert White (1813–1855), wife of Asa Bowen Smith

Eleventh company[edit]

The eleventh ABCFM company arrived July 15, 1844 on the Globe from Boston:^[16]

Rev. Claudius Buchanan Andrews (1818–1877)
Rev. Timothy Dwight Hunt (1840–1895)
Mary Hedges (died 1857), wife of Timothy Dwight Hunt
Rev. John Fawcett Pogue (1814–1877)
Rev. Eliphalet Whittlesey (1816–1889)
Elizabeth Keane Baldwin (1821–1876), wife of Eliphalet Whittlese

Twelfth company[edit]

The twelfth ABCFM company arrived February 26, 1848 on the Samoset from Boston:^[17]

Rev. Samuel Gelston Dwight (1815–1880), stationed in Kaluaʻaha. He married Native Hawaiian Anna Mahoe (1839–1879)
Rev. Henry Kinney (1816–1854), stationed in Waiohinu
Maria Louisa Walsworth (1822–1858), who later married businessman Benjamin Pitman after her husband's death

Other arrivals[edit]

Arrived in 1854, intended for Micronesia on the Chaica:^[18]

William Cornelius Shipman (1824–1861), stationed in Waiohinu
Jane Stobie (1827–1904), wife of William Cornelius Shipman

London Missionary Society[edit]

From the London Missionary Society (deputation of British missionaries and Tahitian teachers on their way to theMarquesas), they arrive from Tabiti on April 16 and returned to Tahiti on August 27, 1822 on the Mermaid:^[19]

Rev, Daniel Tyerman
Rev. George Bennet
Rev. William Ellis (1794–1872), who returned on February 4, 1823 on the Active, toured the islands, and published a book about the tour. He left after about eighteen months in the islands.^[19]^[20]
Anna and Matatore, Tahitian chiefs and teacher, part of 1822 LMS brief stay
Taua and Tute, Tute, Tahitian teachers, part of 1823 LMS arrival

Anglican Church[edit]

Bishop Thomas Nettleship Staley (1823–1898), the first Anglican bishop, arrived in 1862.
Bishop Alfred Willis (1836–1920), the second Anglican bishop, arrived in 1872
Archdeacon George Mason, founder of ʻIolani School, part of the first Anglican mission under Bishop Staley
Rev. Edmund Ibbotson, founder of ʻIolani School, part of the first Anglican mission under Bishop Staley
Rev. William Richard Scott, founder of ʻIolani School (on Lahaina)
Rev. Joseph James Elkington
Rev. Alexander Mackintosh, Canon of the St. Andrew's and principal of the Royal School for many years.
Rev. Thomas Harris (1841–1907), Dean of Honolulu from 1868 to 1870.^[21]

Other groups[edit]

From The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, arriving on December 12, 1850 on the Imaum of Muscat from San Francisco:^[22]

Hiram Clark
Henry Bigler
Hiram Blackwell
George Q. Cannon
John Dixon
William Farrer
James Hawkins
James Keeler
Thomas Morris
Thomas Whittle

Methodist Episcopal Church

Merriman Colbert Harris (1846–1921), the first Methodist bishop

Hawaii Evangelical Association

John M. Lewis, Reverend of Wailuku Union Church from 1898-1900

Native Hawaiian Protestant[edit]

Native Hawaiian missionary family, c. 1878

David Malo (1793–1853), historian, built Kilolani Church
Henry ʻŌpūkahaʻia, who traveled via China to New England to inspire ACFM
James Kekela, first ordained Hawaiian Protestant minister
Bartimeus Lalana Puaʻaiki, first Hawaiian licensed to preach
Thomas Hopu, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the first ABCFM company
John Honolii, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the first ABCFM company
William Kanui, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the first ABCFM company
William Kamooula, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the second ABCFM company
Richard Kalaioulu, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the second ABCFM company
Kupelii, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the second ABCFM company
George Tyler Kielaa, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the third ABCFM company
Samuel J. Mills Paloo, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the third ABCFM company
John E. Phelps Kalaaauluna, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the third ABCFM company
Jonathan Napela, Uaua and Kaleohano, early Mormon convers, who would later serve as prominent missionaries and leaders in the LDS Church.^[23]
William Hoapili Kaʻauwai (1835–1874), only Native Hawaiian to be ordained a priest of the Anglican Church of Hawaii in 1864

Tahitian Protestant[edit]

Stephen Popohe, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the second ABCFM company
Henry Tahiti, educated at Foreign Mission School and assisted the third ABCFM company
Tute Tehuiariʻi, accompanied Ellis of the London Missionary Society, chaplain to Hawaiian royalty and father of Manaiula Tehuiarii
Taua, accompanied Ellis of the London Missionary Society
Taʻamotu, female teacher, accompanied Ellis of the London Missionary Society
Toteta, Tahitian teacher
Auna, Tahitian teacher
Daniel Kahikona, Tahitian teacher

Roman Catholic[edit]

Episcopal arms of Bishop Rouchouze in a window at the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace, Honolulu

Arrived in 1827 on La Comète from France on an invitation issued by Jean Baptiste Rives:

Father Alexis Bachelot, SS.CC. (1796–1837), with Fathers Patrick Short, SS.CC., and Abraham Armand, SS.CC., and six lay Brothers of the Congregation

Subsequent bishops and priests:

Father Damien, SS.CC., in his later years, already afflicted with Hansen's disease

Bishop Etienne Jerome Rouchouze, SS.CC. (?–1843), lost at sea
Bishop Louis Desiré Maigret, SS.CC. (1804–1882)
Bishop Herman Koeckemann, SS.CC. (1828–1892)
Bishop Gulstan Ropert, SS.CC. (1839–1903)
Father Damien de Veuster, SS.CC., (1840–1889), canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in 2009 for dedicating his life to the care of leprosy victims on Molokai, eventually succumbing to the disease himself
Bishop Libert H. Boeynaems, SS.CC. (1857–1926)
Bishop Stephen Alencastre, SS.CC. (1876–1940)

Also:

Mother Marianne Cope, O.S.F., (1838–1918), who led a group of Sisters from her religious congregation in answer to a plea by the King for nursing care of leprosy victims, and who eventually went to Molokai to help Father Damien in his last days and continue his work; beatified by the Catholic Church in 2005, canonized in October 2012
Brother Joseph Dutton (1843–1931), a lay brother who assisted in Father Damien's work and lived on Molokai from 1886 to his death.
Sister Leopoldina Burns (1855-1942), O.S.F., companion of Mother Marianne Cope in Molokai eho helped care for the lepers and served as educator for girls.

Hawaiian Catholics:

Helio Koaʻeloa (1815–1846), an early Catholic lay catechist known as the "Apostle of Maui".
Petero Mahoe, early Hawaiian catechist
Marie Leahi, early Hawaiian catechumen

Orthodox[edit]

Protopresbyter Jacob Korchinsky (1861–1941), founded the Russian Orthodox Mission in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1915. He was executed by Soviet authorities in August 1941. He is under consideration for sainthood in the Russian Orthodox Church.^[24]
Archimandrite Innokenty Dronoff (+1930s to 1940s), served the Russian Orthodox Community in the Hawaiian Islands in the 1930s to 1940s. His final resting place is unknown. He was based primarily out of Hilo, Hawaii.^[25]

Notes[edit]

Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 1.
Jump up ^ Orramel Hinckley Gulick (1918). The pilgrims of Hawaii: their own story of their pilgrimage from New England. Fleming H. Revell company. pp. 341–347. ISBN 0-524-09143-9.
Jump up ^ James R. Davis. "Hawaiian Missionaries". Rootsweb.Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 11.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Charles Samuel; Ellis, William (1828). Journal of a Residence in the Sandwich Islands, During the Years 1823, 1824, and 1825 (1st ed.). London: H. Fisher, Son, and P. Jackson.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 20.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 28.
Jump up ^ Sheldon Dibble (1843). History of the Sandwich Islands. Lahainaluna: Press of the Mission Seminary.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 33.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 44.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 49.
Jump up ^ Coan, Titus (1882). Life in Hawaii. New York: Anson Randolph & Company. ISBN 0-8370-6036-2.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 54.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 71.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 76.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 81.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 86.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 93.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901, p. 9.
Jump up ^ William Ellis (1823). "A journal of a tour around Hawai'i, the largest of the Sandwich Islands". Crocker and Brewster, New York, republished 2004, Mutual Publishing, Honolulu. ISBN 1-56647-605-4.
Jump up ^ Pascoe, Charles Frederick (1894). Classified Digest of the Records of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701-1892. London: Published at the Society's Office. p. 908. OCLC 1618798.
Jump up ^ Bureau of Information 1964, pp. 3.
Jump up ^ LDS Church Almanac 2010 Edition, p. 331
Jump up ^ "Fr. Jacob Korchinsky: Missionary and Martyr".
Jump up ^ ""From Island to Island with the Word of God on His Lips" How the Only Orthodox Priest on the Islands Lives and Works".

References[edit]

Thomas G. Thrum (1876). Hawaiian almanac and annual for 1876. Black & Auld, Honolulu. hdl:10524/665.
Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1901). Portraits of American Protestant Missionaries to Hawaii. Honolulu: The Hawaiian Gazette Co. OCLC 11796269.
Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1969). Missionary Album: Portraits and Biographical Sketches of the American Protestant Missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu: Hawaiian Mission Children's Society. OCLC 462800869.

hide v t e Christianity in Hawaii
Christian groups in Hawaii	Catholic Church Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu Eastern Catholic Church of Hawaiʻi Episcopal Latter-day Saints Lutheran New Hope Orthodox Southern Baptist
Historic chapels	Church of the Crossroads Haili Hōlualoa Imiola Kaʻahumanu Kawaiahaʻo Lāʻie Makawao Makiki Christian Church Maria Lanakila Mokuʻaikaua Star of the Sea St. Andrew St. Benedict St. Joseph St. Michael the Archangel Waiola Waiʻoli Wānanalua
Missionaries	W. P. Alexander Lorrin Andrews Richard Armstrong Alexis Bachelot Dwight Baldwin Hiram Bingham I Hiram Bingham II Sereno Edwards Bishop Elias Bond Libert H. Boeynaems Ephraim Weston Clark Titus Coan A. S. Cooke Marianne Cope Peter Coudrin Samuel C. Damon Father Damien Sheldon Dibble Daniel Dole Joseph Dutton William Ellis Ursula Emerson J. S. Green P. J. Gulick Merriman Harris H. R. Hitchcock Charles McEwen Hyde Gerrit P. Judd David Lyman Lorenzo Lyons Louis Maigret John D. Paris W. H. Rice William Richards Thomas Staley Betsey Stockton John M. Systermans Asa Thurston Abner Wilcox Alfred Willis
Native Christians	Abraham Akaka Akaiko Akana William Hoapili Kaʻauwai Edward Kahale Alice Kahokuoluna William Kamau Kapiʻolani James Kekela Keōpūolani Helio Koaʻeloa Joel Hulu Mahoe David Malo Jonatana Napela Henry Opukahaia Puaʻaiki
Other articles	Edict of Toleration French Invasion Laplace affair

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Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missionaries_to_Hawaii

Summary

Many names above are those who participated in dethroning Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, or their descendants played a part in dethroning Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.

Those who committed treason, conspiracy have been listed in the Judicial Tribunal of the Hawaiian Kingdom and have lost their interest in lands in the Hawaiian Islands.

Many had only a fee simple or 30 year interest.

Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli did document that there were disabilities in land ownership: United States and England could not own lands.

Research incomplete.

aloha.