VISIT OF LORD BYRON.
The frigate "Blonde," commanded by Lord Byron, cousin of the poet of that name, was commissioned to convey the remains of the late king and queen, together with their retinue, back to their native land. It arrived at Honolulu, May 6th, 1825, when the royal remains were deposited in a mausoleum with impressive funeral ceremonies.Kauikeaouli, the younger brother of Liholiho, was proclaimed king with the title of Kamehameha III., and Kaahumanu as regent during his minority. Her administration was signalized by a series of outrages at Lahaina and Honolulu, committed by a depraved class of foreigners who resented certain regulations made to restrict public prostitution.
Com. Jones visited the Islands in the "Peacock" in 1826, and concluded the first treaty between the Hawaiian Islands and the United States. The next year the first written laws were published against murder, theft, adultery and gambling.
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSION.
The first Roman Catholic missionaries arrived at Honolulu, July 7th, 1827, on the ship "Comet," from Bordeaux, and soon gathered a congregation. They were members of the so-called "Picpusian Order," or "Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary." Unfortunately, misunderstandings arose, and from a mistaken belief that they were fomenting discord and sedition, the chiefs caused them to be deported to San Pedro, California, in January, 1832.ACCESSION OF KAMEHAMEHA III.
Kaahumanu died June 5th, 1832, and was succeeded by Kinau, half-sister of the king. The king's minority was declared to be at an end in March, 1833. A tract of land was leased to Ladd & Co. in 1835, and about the same time a silk 71 plantation was commenced by Peck & Titcomb. Cotton was raised and manufactured on a small scale at Kailua, Hawaii.PERSECUTIONS.
During the next few years the chiefs persisted in a harsh and unjustifiable policy, which imperiled the independence of the country.On the return of the two banished priests from California, in April, 1837, they were ordered to return in the same vessel in which they had come, and were obliged to go on board of it. Meanwhile the British sloop of war "Sulphur," Captain Belcher, and the French frigate "Venus," Captain Du Petit Thouars, arrived and interposed in behalf of the priests. As a compromise, they were landed again on condition that they should leave by the first favorable opportunity. Again on the 3d of November, another priest, Rev. L. Maigret, and a lay brother arrived from Valparaiso, but were not allowed to land. Finally Revs. Maigret and Bachelot left in a schooner for Bonabe, Micronesia. From 1835 to 1839 the persecution of native converts was resumed, but was at last put an end to by the declaration of rights promulgated June 4th, 1839, and the king's edict of toleration, issued June 17th.
VISIT OF THE "ARTEMISE."
In consequence of these proceedings the French frigate "Artemise," Captain Laplace, was ordered to Honolulu, where it arrived July 9th, 1839.Captain Laplace immediately sent the Government a peremptory letter demanding that full religious liberty be proclaimed, and that the sum of $20,000 be brought on board by noon of the 12th, or hostilities would commence. The required treaty was signed and the money promptly paid, and on the 16th, a commercial convention was also signed.
FIRST CONSTITUTION.
The declaration of rights, mentioned above, which guaranteed religious liberty, produced a feeling of security unknown before, and formed the first step towards establishing individual property in land. The first constitution was proclaimed October 8th, 1840. It constituted a Legislature, consisting of a House of Hereditary Nobles, and Representatives to be chosen by the people, who voted as a separate house. It also defined the duties of the Governors and provided for a Supreme Court.THE FIRST EMBASSY.
During the next two years the French and English consuls seemed to vie with each other in the manufacture of petty grievances. Aware of the dangers impending over it, the Hawaiian Government sent an embassy to the United States, Great Britain and France, in July, 1842, which consisted of Messrs. Haalilio, William Richards and Sir George Simpson, one of the governors of the Hudson Bay Company.VISIT OF CAPTAIN MALLET.
On the 24th of August, 1842, the French corvette "Embuscade," Captain Mallet, arrived at Honolulu, having been sent to investigate complaints of the violation of the Laplace Convention, chiefly relating to local school matters. Having received an able and courteous reply to his demands, he informed the king that Admiral Du Petit Thouars might be expected the next spring to settle these matters.THE CESSION TO LORD PAULET.
The dispatch of the embassy to Europe and the visit of Captain Mallet both served to bring to a head the designs of Mr. Charlton, the British consul. He suddenly left for London, 73 leaving Alexander Simpson as acting consul, in order to defeat the objects of the embassy. In consequence of their representations, H. B. M. frigate "Carysford," commanded by George Paulet, was ordered to Honolulu, arriving there February 10, 1843. On the arrival of the king from Lahaina, Lord Paulet sent him six demands, threatening war if they were not acceded to by 4 p. m. of the next day. These demands chiefly related to a fraudulent land claim of Charlton's, and to decisions of the courts in certain civil suits between foreigners. Before the hour set for hostilities had arrived, the king acceded to the demands under protest, and appealed to the British Government for damages. But a fresh series of demands having been made, and claims for damages having been trumped up amounting to $80,000, the king decided, by Dr. Judd's advice, to forestall the intended seizure of the Islands by a provisional cession, pending an appeal to the justice of the home government.The act of cession was carried into effect February 25th, 1843. The British flag took the place of the Hawaiian for five months, and a body of native troops was organized and drilled by British officers.
The country was meanwhile governed by a mixed commission consisting of Lord Paulet, Lieutenant Frere, a Mr. Mackay and Dr. Judd.
THE RESTORATION.
On being informed of these events, Admiral Thomas, Commander-in-Chief of H. B. M.'s naval forces in the Pacific ocean, immediately sailed from Valparaiso for the Islands, arriving at Honolulu July 25th, 1843. He immediately issued a proclamation, declaring in the name of his government that he did not accept of the provisional cession of the Hawaiian Islands, and on the 31st restored the national flag with impressive ceremonies. His course was fully approved of by the home government, 74 and certainly tended to exalt the reputation of his country for justice and magnanimity in dealing with inferior races.THE RECOGNITION OF HAWAIIAN INDEPENDENCE.
Meanwhile the Hawaiian embassadors, who had been joined by Mr. Marshall, the king's envoy, had done effective work in London and Paris. At their request the matters in dispute had been referred to the law advisers of the crown, who decided in favor of the Hawaiian Government on every point except the Charlton land claim. At length, on the 28th of November, 1843, the two governments of France and England issued a joint declaration in which they recognized the independence of the Islands, and reciprocally engaged "never to take possession, either directly or under the title of a protectorate, or under any other form, of any part of the territory of which they are composed."ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT.
Both the king and his advisers saw that in order to maintain a permanent government it was necessary to combine both the native and foreign elements together in one common organization, and to make the king the sovereign not merely of one race or class, but of all. During the next few years the executive departments of the Government and the judiciary were organized by a group of men of remarkably high character and ability.LAND TITLES.
During the period of 1846-1855 the ancient tenure of land was abolished, and the foundation laid of individual property in land. In the first place, the king as feudal suzerain divided the lands of the kingdom between himself and each one of the 75 chiefs, his feudatories, this partition being recorded in a book called the Mahele Book, or Book of Division. After this first partition was closed, out of four million acres there remained in the king's hands about two and a half millions. The king then redivided the lands which had been surrendered to him, setting apart about a million and a half acres for the Government, and reserving for himself as his private domain, about a million acres, including the best of the lands. The common people were granted fee simple titles for their house lots and the lands which they actually cultivated for themselves, called Kuleanas or homesteads.THE "REPRISALS" OF 1849.
From 1843 till 1848 the most amicable relations continued to exist between France and the Hawaiian Government. But this state of things was then reversed by M. Dillon, the new French consul, who endeavored to reopen all old disputes and to create new grievances in every possible way. His principal grounds of complaint were the high duty on brandy and the alleged partiality shown to the English language. On the 12th of August, 1849, the French frigate "Poursuivante," Admiral De Tromelin, arrived at Honolulu, and was joined the next day by the corvette "Gassendi."On the 22d the admiral sent to the king ten demands, drawn up by M. Dillon, allowing the Hawaiian Government three days in which to comply with them.
As these demands were firmly but courteously refused, an armed force was landed on the 25th, which took possession of the deserted fort, the custom house and other buildings, and the harbor was blockaded for ten days. The fort was dismantled and the king's private yacht confiscated by way of "reprisal," after which the "Poursuivante" sailed for San Francisco, taking M. Dillon as a passenger.
THE SECOND EMBASSY TO FRANCE.
The king immediately sent Dr. Judd as special commissioner to France, accompanied by the two nephews of the king, Alexander, the heir-apparent, and Lot Kamehameha.But on arriving in Paris they found that M. Dillon had preceded them, and still retained the confidence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The embassy, however, agreed with Lord Palmerston upon the basis of a new treaty with Great Britain.
THE U. S. PROTECTORATE.
The French corvette "Serieuse" arrived at Honolulu, December 13, 1850, bringing M. Perrin, Commissioner of France, and remained in port three months.To the surprise of all, he presented again the identical ten demands of his predecessor, and resumed his policy of petty annoyance and interference with internal affairs of the kingdom. At length his attitude became so menacing that the king and privy council passed a proclamation placing the Islands provisionally under the protectorate of the United States. This action was ratified by the next Legislature. Although it was finally declined by the United States, it had the desired effect, and the obnoxious demands were dropped.
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1852.
Was a very liberal one for the times, and has formed the basis of all succeeding constitutions. The nobles were to be appointed by the kings for life. The representatives, who were to be not less than twenty-four in number, were to be elected by universal suffrage.INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS.
Between the years 1850 and 1860 a large part of the government land was sold to the common people in small tracts at nominal prices.The rapid settlement of California opened a new market for the productions of the Islands, and gave a great stimulus to agriculture. For a time large profits were made by raising potatoes for the California market. Wheat was cultivated in the Makawao district, and a steam flouring mill was erected in Honolulu in 1854. The next year 463 barrels of Hawaiian flour were exported. A coffee plantation was started at Hanalei, Kauai, in 1842, and promised well, but was attacked by blight after the severe drought of 1851-2. The export of coffee rose to 208,000 pounds in 1850, but then fell off. The export of sugar only reached 500 tons in 1853. The sugar mills were generally worked by oxen or mules, and the molasses drained in the old fashioned way.
THE UNFINISHED ANNEXATION TREATY.
The year 1853 was rendered memorable by a terrible epidemic of small-pox, which carried off several thousand people on the Island of Oahu. During that and the following year there was an active agitation in Honolulu in favor of annexation to the United States. The king favored it as a refuge from impending dangers. The missionaries generally opposed it, fearing that its effects would be injurious to the native race. The negotiations were carried on between Mr. Gregg, the American Minister, and Mr. Wyllie, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and a draft of the treaty was completed in June, 1854.The representatives of France and Great Britain remonstrated with the king against it, while the heir-apparent was also opposed to it. The negotiation was still pending when the king suddenly died on the 15th of December, 1854.
His adopted son and heir, Alexander Liholiho, was immediately proclaimed king, under the title of Kamehameha IV.
THE REIGN OF KAMEHAMEHA IV.
Was uneventful. He was married to Emma Rooke, a chiefess partly of English descent, who both by her character and her 78 talents was worthy of the position. By their personal exertions the king and queen succeeded in raising the funds with which to found the "Queen's Hospital" at Honolulu. Their little son, the "Prince of Hawaii," died in 1862, at four years of age, and with him expired the hope of the Kamehameha dynasty. During the same year Bishop Staley, accompanied by a staff of clergymen, arrived at Honolulu and commenced the Anglican Mission.During the following year the king was rapidly failing in health, and on the 30th of November, 1863, he died, at the early age of twenty-nine, and was succeeded by his elder brother, Prince Lot Kamehameha.
The development of the country during his reign was nearly at a stand-still. The cultivation of wheat as well as that of coffee was given up, but the culture of rice was commenced in 1860, and proved to be a great success.
THE REIGN OF KAMEHAMEHA V.
The reign of Kamehameha V. was memorable for the change of the constitution which he made on his own authority, soon after coming to the throne. The right of suffrage was made to depend on a small property qualification and on ability to read and write. The Nobles and representatives were henceforth to sit and vote in one chamber. During his reign the Board of Education was constituted, the Bureau of Immigration formed, and the Act passed in 1865 to segregate the lepers.A treaty of reciprocity with the United States was negotiated, but failed of ratification by the Senate.
A destructive eruption from Mauna Loa took place in 1868, in the District of Kau. The almost total destruction of the whaling fleet in the Arctic Sea in 1871 was a serious blow to the prosperity of the Islands.
The King died suddenly December 11th, 1872, and with him ended the line of the Kamehamehas.
THE REIGN OF LUNALILO.
As Kamehameha V. died without appointing any successor, the choice devolved upon the Legislature, which met on the 8th of January, 1873, and elected William Lunalilo, cousin of the late king, by a large majority, amid general rejoicing. During that year, the proposal to cede or lease Pearl Harbor to the United States in consideration of a treaty of commercial reciprocity gave rise to an extensive agitation, which intensified the suspicion and race prejudice that already existed.The execution of the law for the segregation of lepers helped to widen the breach, and the effects were seen in the mutiny of the household troops in September, 1873, which had the sympathy of the populace.
The King's health was already failing, and on the 3d of February, 1874, he died of pulmonary consumption. By his will he left the bulk of his real estate to found a home for aged and indigent Hawaiians.
ACCESSION OF KALAKAUA.
Again the Legislature was called together to elect his successor on the 12th of February, 1874. The two rival candidates were the Queen-Dowager Emma and David Kalakaua, the latter of whom was elected by thirty-nine votes to six. A large mob, composed of Queen Emma's partisans, surrounded the court house during the election, after which they broke into the building and assaulted the members of the Legislature.At the request of the Cabinet, a body of marines was landed from the U. S. ships "Tuscarora" and "Portsmouth," and another from H. B. M.'s ship "Tenedos," which dispersed the rioters and guarded the public buildings for a week. Kalakaua was sworn in at noon the next day, and duly proclaimed King.
THE RECIPROCITY TREATY.
During the next year negotiations were opened with the United States for a treaty of commercial reciprocity, which was ratified in June, 1875, and finally went into operation in September, 1876, in spite of bitter opposition in both countries. The development of the resources of the Islands, which has resulted from this treaty, has surpassed all expectation. In connection with it there has also been a large increase of the foreign elements in the population.THE KING'S TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
On the 20th of January, 1881, King Kalakaua set out on a tour around the world, accompanied by the late Col. C. H. Judd, and Mr. W. N. Armstrong. He was received with royal honors in Japan, and afterwards visited China, Siam, Johore and British India. After visiting the Khedive of Egypt, the party made the tour of Europe, and returned home by way of the United States, arriving in Honolulu Oct. 29, 1881.REACTIONARY POLICY OF KALAKAUA.
Unlike his predecessors, Kalakaua seemed to regard himself as merely a king of the native Hawaiians, and foreign residents as alien invaders. It also seemed to be his chief aim to change the system of government into a personal despotism, in which he should have unchecked control of the Government Treasury. Thus he took it upon himself in July, 1878, and again in August, 1880, to dismiss a Ministry, without assigning any reason, immediately after it had been triumphantly sustained by a vote of the Legislature. On the latter occasion, his appointment of Celso Caesar Moreno as premier called forth the protest of the representatives of three great Powers, and such an uprising of the people that he had to give way. Adroit politicians were not wanting to flatter his vanity, defend his 81 follies, and show him how to violate the spirit and intent of the Constitution, while keeping within the letter of the law. The Legislatures were packed with subservient office-holders, while every artifice was used to debauch the native electorate and to foment race prejudice. The national debt grew up from $389,000 in 1880 to $1,936,000 in 1887. At the same time, under the existing law, no foreigner could be naturalized without the King's approval.THE REVOLUTION OF 1887.
After the legislative session of 1886, the King was virtually his own prime minister, and went from one folly to another, until his acceptance of two bribes, one of $75,000 and another of $80,000 in connection with the assignment of an opium license, precipitated the revolution of 1887. Overawed by the unanimity of the movement, and deserted by his followers, the King yielded without a struggle. The Constitution which he was pleased to sign on the 7th of July, 1887, was a revision of that of 1864, intended to put an end to mere personal government, and to make the executive responsible to the representatives of the people. Office-holders were made ineligible to seats in the Legislature. The Ministers were henceforth to be removable only upon a vote of want of confidence passed by a majority of all the elective members of the Legislature. The Nobles, instead of being appointed by the King, were to be elected for terms of six years, by electors who should be possessed of taxable property worth $3,000, or in receipt of an annual income of $600.THE INSURRECTION OF 1889.
The opposition of the Court and of other adherents of the old regime, to the reforms of 1887, led to an insurrection headed by R. W. Wilcox, on the 30th of July, 1889 which was promptly 82 put down, but not without bloodshed. Seven of the rioters were killed and a large number wounded.There can be little doubt that the late King and his sister were accessory to this ill-advised outbreak.
ACCESSION OF LILIUOKALANI.
In order to recruit his health, the King visited California in November, 1890. In spite of the best medical attendance, he continued to fail, and breathed his last on the 20th of January, 1891, in San Francisco. His remains were brought to Honolulu in the U. S. S. "Charleston," arriving there January 29th, 1891. On the same day, his sister took the oath to maintain the Constitution, and was proclaimed Queen, under the title of Liliuokalani.THE REVOLUTION OF 1893.
The ex-Queen in a published statement has since declared that she signed the Constitution unwillingly. The history of her short reign shows that it was her unaltered purpose to restore autocratic government. In short, she was determined to govern as well as to reign.The decision of the Supreme Court that the term of the last Cabinet expired with the King, gave her an opportunity (which she improved), to dictate terms in advance to the incoming Cabinet, and to secure control of all appointments. The legislative session of 1892 was protracted to eight months chiefly by her determination to retain her control of the Executive, as well as to carry through the opium and lottery bills. Meanwhile she had caused a Constitution to be drawn up, which would practically, have transformed the government from a limited to an absolute monarchy, besides disfranchising a class of citizens who paid two-thirds of the taxes. This Constitution she undertook to spring upon the country by a coup d'etat, on 83 the day of the prorogation of the Legislature, January 14th, 1893.
Fortunately, at the critical moment, when her preparations were complete, her Ministers shrank from sharing the responsibility of such a revolutionary act, and induced her to postpone it. In such an undertaking to hesitate is fatal.
Again there was a general uprising of the conservative part of the community similar to that of 1887. But this time public opinion condemned all half way measures, and declared the monarchy to be forfeited by its own act.
The Reform leaders reorganized their forces, and formed a Provisional Government, which was proclaimed January 17th, 1893 from the Government Building. The U. S. S. "Boston," which had unexpectedly arrived from Hilo on the day of the prorogation, landed a force on the 16th, to protect the lives and property of American citizens, in case of disorder or incendiarism. The Queen's ministers availed themselves of the presence of these troops on shore as an excuse for their inaction, and persuaded the Queen to resign under protest, and to appeal to the government of the United States.
A treaty of annexation was soon after negotiated with the United States during President Harrison's administration, which was withdrawn by President Cleveland immediately after his accession. The failure of his attempt to restore the monarchy by diplomacy is well known.
THE REPUBLIC OF HAWAII.
During the next year a convention was elected, which sat in Honolulu during the month of June, 1894, and framed a new Constitution for the country, and the Republic of Hawaii was formally proclaimed July 4, 1894.Another royalist conspiracy was formed during the fall of that year, which resulted in the insurrection of January 6th, 84 1895, which was promptly crushed by the patriotic citizens of the Republic.
A dangerous epidemic of Asiatic cholera in the following September, was stamped out by the united efforts of the public spirited citizens of Honolulu.
For four years, in spite of hostile influences from without and enemies at home, the Republic has maintained peace and order, administered justice, carried on extensive internal improvements, advanced education, and kept the financial credit of the nation above par in the markets of the world.
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY, REPUBLIC OF HAWAII.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
Sanford B. Dole, President of the Republic of Hawaii.
Henry E. Cooper, Minister of Foreign Affairs.
James A. King, Minister of the Interior.
Samuel M. Damon, Minister of Finance.
William O. Smith, Attorney-General.
COUNCIL OF STATE.
William C. Wilder, | George W. Smith, | Mark P. Robinson, |
Cecil Brown, | John Phillips, | John Ena, |
P. C. Jones, | D. L. Naone, | Samuel M. Ka-ne, |
J. A. Kennedy, | A. G. M. Robertson, | John Nott, |
C. Bolte, | E. C. Winston, | J. P. Mendonca. |
SUPREME COURT.
Hon. A. F. Judd, Chief Justice.
Hon. W. F. Frear, First Associate Justice.
Hon. W. Austin Whiting, Second Associate Justice.
Henry Smith, Chief Clerk.
Geo. Lucas, Deputy Clerk.
James Thompson, Second Deputy Clerk.
J. Walter Jones, Stenographer.
CIRCUIT JUDGES.
First Circuit—Alfred W. Carter, Antonio Perry, Oahu.
Second Circuit—J. W. Kalua.
Third and Fourth Circuits—S. L. Austin.
Fifth Circuit—J. Hardy.
Offices and Court-room in Court House, King street. Sitting in Honolulu: First Monday in February, May, August and November.
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
Office in Executive Building, King street.
Henry E. Cooper, Minister Foreign Affairs.
George C. Potter, Secretary.
Alexander St. M. Mackintosh, Clerk.
Miss Kate Kelley, Stenographer.
B. L. Marx, Clerk Executive Council.
James W. Girvin, Secretary Chinese Bureau.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
Office in Executive Building, King street.
James A. King, Minister of the Interior.
Chief Clerk, John A. Hassinger.
Assistant Clerks, James H. Boyd, H. C. Meyers, Stephen Mahaulu, George C. Ross, Edward S. Boyd.
CHIEFS OF BUREAUS, INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
Surveyor-General, W. D. Alexander.
Superintendent Public Works, W. E. Rowell.
Superintendent Water Works, Andrew Brown.
Inspector Electric Lights, John Cassidy.
Registrar of Conveyances, T. G. Thrum.
Road Supervisor, Honolulu, W. H. Cummings.
Insane Asylum, Dr. Geo. H. Herbert.
BOARD OF FIRE COMMISSIONERS.
Andrew Brown, Charles Crozier and J. H. Fisher.
James H. Hunt, Chief Engineer, H. F. D.
William R. Sims, Secretary.
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.
President, the Minister of the Interior. Allan Herbert, Thomas King, Wray Taylor, E. W. Jordan. Joseph Marsden, Commissioner and Secretary.
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.
Office in Executive Building, King street.
Minister of Finance, Samuel M. Damon.
Auditor-General, H. Laws.
Registrar of Accounts, W. G. Ashley.
Clerk of Finance Office, E. R. Stackable.
Collector-General of Customs, James B. Castle.
Tax Assessor, Oahu, Jonathan Shaw.
Postmaster-General, J. M. Oat.
CUSTOMS BUREAU.
Office in Custom House, Esplanade, Fort street.
Collector-General, James B. Castle.
Deputy Collector, Frank B. McStocker.
Harbor Master, Captain A. Fuller.
Port Surveyor, George C. Stratemeyer.
Storekeeper, .........
DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL.
Office in Executive Building, King street.
Attorney-General, William O. Smith.
Deputy Attorney-General, E. P. Dole.
Clerk, J. M. Kea.
Marshal, A. M. Brown.
Deputy Marshal, H. R. Hitchcock.
Jailor Oahu Prison, J. A. Low.
Prison Physician, C. B. Cooper, M. D.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Office in Judiciary Building.
Henry E. Cooper, Minister of Public Instruction.
Commissioners, Professor William Dewitt Alexander, Mrs. Emma Louisa Dillingham, Mr. William A. Bowen, Mrs. Alice Clark Jordan, Mr. H. M. von Holt.
H. S. Townsend, Inspector-General of Schools.
J. F. Scott, Deputy Inspector-General of Schools.
C. T. Rodgers, Secretary of Department.
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION.
Office in Judiciary Building.
President, James A. King.
Members of Board of Immigration, J. B. Atherton, Joseph Marsden, D. B. Smith, James G. Spencer, J. Carden. Secretary, Wray Taylor.
BOARD OF HEALTH.
Office in Judiciary Building.
President, William O. Smith.
Secretary, Charles Wilcox.
Members, D. Keliipio, C. A. Brown, N. B. Emerson, M. D.; F. R. Day, M. D.; C. B. Wood, M. D., and T. F. Lansing.
Port Physician, Dr. Francis Day.
Dispensary, Dr. H. W. Howard.
Leper Settlement, Dr. R. K. Oliver.
POLICE COURT.
Police Station Building, Merchant street.
George H. de la Vergne, Magistrate.
William Cuelho, Clerk.
FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES IN HONOLULU.
Diplomatic.
United States—Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Albert S. Willis, Esq.; residence, King St. Ellis Mills, Esq., Secretary of Legation.
Portugal—Charge d'Affaires and Consul-General, Senhor A. de Souza Canavarro; residence, Beretania St.
Great Britain—Commissioner and Consul-General, Captain A. G. S. Hawes.
Japan—Diplomatic Agent and Consul-General, Mr. H. Shimamura; residence, Nuuanu Ave. H. I. J. M. Eleve Consul, Mr. K. Mimashi, Secretary H. I. J. M. Consulate-General.
France—Consul and Commissioner, Mons. Louis Voisson; Chancellor of Legation, Mons. A. Vizzavona.
Consular.
United States—Consul-General, Ellis Mills. W. Porter Boyd, United States Vice and Deputy Consul-General.
Italy—F. A. Schaefer, Consul. (Dean of the Consular Corps.)
Netherlands—J. H. Paty, Consul.
Denmark—H. R. Macfarlane, Consul.
Mexico, H. Renjes, Consul.
Peru—Bruce Cartwright, Consul.
Chile—Julius Hoting, Consul.
Austria-Hungary—J. F. Hackfeld, Consul.
Germany—J. F. Hackfeld, Consul.
Belgium—H. Focke, Consul.
Great Britain—T. R. Walker, Vice-Consul.
Spain—H. Renjes, Vice-Consul.
Russia—J. F. Hackfeld, Acting Vice-Consul.
Sweden and Norway—Charles Weight, Acting Consul.
China—Goo Kim Fui, Commercial Agent; Wong Kwai, Assistant Commercial Agent.
U. S. Consular Agent, Kahului, A. J. Dickens, Acting.
U. S. Consular Agent, Mahukona, C. J. Falk.
U. S. Consular Agent, Hilo, Charles Furneaux.
PRINCIPAL HAWAIIAN REPRESENTATIVES ABROAD.
United States.
Washington, D. C.—Francis M. Hatch, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; Major Frank P. Hastings, Charge d'Affaires and Secretary of Legation.
New York—E. H. Allen, Consul-General.
Chicago—Fred W. Job, Consul-General for the States of Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Wisconsin.
San Francisco—Charles T. Wilder, Consul-General for the Pacific States, California, Oregon, Nevada and Washington; J. F. Soper, Vice and Deputy Consul-General.
Boston—Gorham D. Gilman, Consul-General.
Portland, Oregon—J. McCracken, Consul.
Port Townsend—James G. Swan, Consul.
Seattle—John H. Carter, Consul.
Tacoma—J. T. Steeb, Acting Consul.
Philadelphia—Robert H. Davis, Consul.
San Diego—H. P. Wood, Consul.
Detroit—A. L. Bresler, Consul.
Great Britain.
London—Manley Hopkins, Consul-General; Cyril Hopkins, Vice-Consul.
Liverpool—Harold Janion, Consul.
Bristol—Mark Whitwill, Consul.
Hull—W. Moran, Consul.
Newcastle-on-Tyne—E. Biesterfeld, Consul.
Falmouth—Cecil Robert Broad, Consul.
Dover (and the Cinque Ports)—Francis Wm. Prescott, Consul.
Swansea—H. Goldberg, Consul.
Cardiff—J. Bovey, Consul.
Edinburgh and Leith—E. G. Buchanan, Consul.
Glasgow—Peter Denniston, Consul.
Dundee—J. G. Zoller, Consul.
Dublin—R. Jas. Murphy, Consul.
Queenstown—Geo. B. Dawson, Consul.
Belfast—W. A. Ross, Consul.
Middlesborough—B. C. Atkinson, Consul.
British Colonies.
Toronto, Ontario—J. Enoch Thompson, Consul-General; Col. Geo. A. Shaw, Vice-Consul.
St. John's, N. B.—Allan O. Crookshank, Consul.
Rimouski—J. N. Pouliot, Vice-Consul.
Montreal—Dickson Anderson, Consul. 92 Yarmouth, N. S.—Ed. F. Clements, Vice-Consul.
Victoria, B. C.—R. P. Rithet, Consul-General for British Columbia.
Vancouver, B. C.—J. W. McFarland, Vice-Consul.
Sydney, N. S. W.—W. E. Dixon, Consul-General.
Melbourne, Victoria—G. N. Oakley, Consul.
Brisbane, Queensland—Alex. B. Webster, Consul.
Hobart, Tasmania—Hon. Audley Coote, Consul.
Launceston, Tasmania—Geo. Collins, Vice-Consul.
Newcastle, N. S. W.—W. J. Gillam, Consul.
Auckland, N. Z.—James Macfarlane, Consul.
Dunedin, N. Z.—W. G. Neill, Consul.
Gibraltar—H. Schott, Consul.
France and Colonies.
Paris—Alfred Houle, Charge d'Affaires and Consul-General; A. N. H. Teyssier, Consul.
Marseilles—........, Consul.
Bordeaux—Ernest de Boissac, Consul.
Dijon—H. F. J. Vieilhomme, Consul.
Liborne—C. Schaessler, Vice-Consul.
Cette—Julius Chavasse, Vice-Consul.
Grenoble—J. L. Garcin, Vice-Consul.
Papeete, Tahiti—E. A. Bonet, Consul.
Spain.
Barcelona—Enrique Minguez, Consul-General.
Cadiz—J. Shaw, Consul.
Valencia—Julio Soler, Consul.
Malaga—F. T. de Navarra, Consul.
Cartagena—J. Paris, Consul.
Portugal and Colonies.
Lisbon—A. F. de Serpa, Consul-General.
Oporto—Narciso T. M. Ferro, Consul.
Madeira Island—L. D. F. Branco, Consul.
Cape Vincent, Cape de Verde Islands—Clarimundo Martins, Vice-Consul.
Lagos, Cape de Verde Islands—Manuel Jose Barbosa, Vice-Consul.
Azores Islands.
Ponta Delgardo (St. Michaels)—Senhor Bernardo Machado de Faria Maia, Consul-General; A. da Silva Moreira, Consul.
Italy.
Rome—Dwight Benton, Consul-General; Hale P. Benton, Vice and Deputy Consul-General.
Palermo, Sicily—A. Tagliavia, Consul.
Genoa—Raphael de Luchi, Consul.
Holland.
Amsterdam—D. H. Schmull, Consul-General.
Dordrecht—P. J. Bouwman, Consul.
Japan.
Tokio—R. W. Irwin, Minister Resident.
Kobe—C. P. Hall, Vice-Consul.
Yokohama—B. C. Howard, Consul; Dr. Stuart Eldridge, M. D., Sanitary Inspector.
China.
Hong Kong—J. J. Bell Irving, Acting Consul-General; Dr. Gregory P. Jordan, M. D., Sanitary Inspector.
Amoy—Robert H. Bruce, Consul; Dr. Hugh MacDougald, M. D., Sanitary Inspector.
Belgium.
Antwerp—Victor Forge, Consul-General.
Ghent—E. Coppieters, Consul.
Liege—J. Blanpain, Consul.
Bruges—E. Van Den Brande, Consul.
Sweden and Norway.
Stockholm, Sweden—C. A. Engvalls, Consul-General.
Christiana, Norway—L. Samson, Consul.
Gothemburg, Sweden—Gustaf Kraak, Vice-Consul.
Austria.
Vienna—Hugo Schonberger, Consul.
Germany and Colonies.
Bremen—H. F. Glade, Charge d'Affaires and Consul-General; J. F. Muller, Consul.
Hamburg—E. F. Weber, Consul.
Frankfort-on-Main—J. Kopp, Consul.
Dresden—A. P. Russ, Consul.
Canary Islands.
Las Palamas—L. Falcon y Quevedo, Consul; J. B. De Laguna, Vice-Consul.
Santa Cruz de la Palma—Antonio C. de las Casas, Vice-Consul.
Areciefe de Lanzarote—E. Murales, Vice-Consul.
Mexico.
Mexico—Col. W. J. De Gress, Consul-General; R. H. Baker, Vice-Consul.
Manzanillo—Robert James Barney, Consul.
Ensenada—James Moorkens, Vice-Consul.
Central and South America.
Valparaiso, South America—David Thomas, Charge d'Affaires and Consul-General.
Lima, South America—F. L. Crosby, Consul.
Montevideo, South America—Conrad Hughes, Consul.
Philippine Islands.
Iloilo—Geo. Shelmerdine, Consul.
Manila—Jasper M. Wood, Consul.
Cebu—Geo. A. Cadell, Consul.
Transcriber's Note
With the exception of OCEANIC STEAMSHIP AUSTRALIA, the illustrations and cover image come from a slightly different printing of the pamphlet than the text.Minor typographical errors and irregularities have been corrected.
The table of contents and list of illustrations have been added for the reader's convenience.
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Hawaiian Islands, by The Department of Foreign Affairs *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS *** ***** This file should be named 29383-h.htm or 29383-h.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/3/8/29383/ Produced by Steven Giacomelli, Andrew D. Hwang and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by Case Western Reserve University Preservation Department Digital Library) Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. *** START: FULL LICENSE *** THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at http://gutenberg.org/license). Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. - You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at http://pglaf.org For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director gbnewby@pglaf.org Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit http://pglaf.org While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: http://www.gutenberg.org This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
No comments:
Post a Comment