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Friday, August 4, 2017

President Cleveland, Hawaii and the Philippines, etc - Important Documents researched by Amelia Gora (2017).

Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland - NARA - 518139 (cropped).jpg
22nd and 24th President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897
Vice PresidentAdlai Stevenson I
Preceded byBenjamin Harrison
Succeeded byWilliam McKinley
In office
March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889
Vice PresidentThomas A. Hendricks (1885)
None (1885–1889)
Preceded byChester A. Arthur
Succeeded byBenjamin Harrison
28th Governor of New York
In office
January 1, 1883 – January 6, 1885
LieutenantDavid B. Hill
Preceded byAlonzo B. Cornell
Succeeded byDavid B. Hill
34th Mayor of Buffalo
In office
January 2, 1882 – November 20, 1882
Preceded byAlexander Brush
Succeeded byMarcus M. Drake
17th Sheriff of Erie County, New York
In office
January 1, 1871 – 1873
Preceded byCharles Darcy
Succeeded byJohn B. Weber
Personal details
BornStephen Grover Cleveland
March 18, 1837
Caldwell, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedJune 24, 1908 (aged 71)
Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.
Resting placePrinceton Cemetery, New Jersey
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Frances Folsom
(m. 1886; his death 1908)
RelationsRose Cleveland, sister
Philippa Foot, granddaughter
Children5, including Ruth ("Baby")EstherRichard
Profession
SignatureCursive signature in ink


1883 - Knotts offered to be Governor of Hawaii by President Cleveland:

The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, June 23, 1911, Image 1

Image provided by University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069201/1911-06-23/ed-1/seq-1/

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1896 - January - President Cleveland known as an "Unreliable Friend" to the Usurpers:

The Hawaiian gazette. (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, January 21, 1896, Page 4, Image 4

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1896-01-21/ed-1/seq-4/

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1896 - President Cleveland declared Hawaii to be "an intensely independent nation...."

The Pacific commercial advertiser. (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, July 02, 1896, Page 4, Image 4

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1896-07-02/ed-1/seq-4/

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1897 - May.  Congress Laughed at the Queen/Queen Liliuokalani.  Former President Cleveland said that "Hawaii is a Foreign Country".

The Independent. (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, May 19, 1897, Image 1

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047097/1897-05-19/ed-1/seq-1/

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The Independent. (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, May 19, 1897, Image 1

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047097/1897-05-19/ed-1/seq-1/

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1897 - June.  President Cleveland Pulled the United States Flag in Hawaii.

Western Kansas world. (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, June 26, 1897, Image 4

Image provided by Kansas State Historical Society; Topeka, KS

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015485/1897-06-26/ed-1/seq-4/

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1898 - "Hawaii has the most complete government on the face of the earth." based on the Hawaiian Laws:

The Hawaiian gazette. (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, October 14, 1898, Image 1

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1898-10-14/ed-1/seq-1/

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1900 - "Censure" of President McKinley in regards to Imperialism Policy.  Hawaii and the Philippines mentioned.

The Independent. (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, October 29, 1900, Image 3

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047097/1900-10-29/ed-1/seq-3/

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Note:  What does "censure" mean?

censure - Legal Definition. n. An official condemnation, reprimand, or expression of adverse criticism, usually by a legislative or other formal body, of the conduct of one of its members or of someone whose behavior it monitors.

Censure dictionary definition | censure defined

www.yourdictionary.com/censure


censure

 
Also found in: DictionaryThesaurusIdiomsWikipedia.

Censure

formal, public reprimand for an infraction or violation.
From time to time deliberative bodies are forced to take action against members whose actions orbehavior runs counter to the group's acceptable standards for individual behavior. In the U.S.Congress, that action can come in the form of censure. Censure is a formal and publiccondemnation of an individual's transgressions. It is stronger than a simple rebuke, but not as strongas expulsion. Members of Congress who have been censured are required to give up anycommittee chairs they hold, but they are not removed from their elected position. Not surprisingly,however, few censured politicians are re-elected.
While censure is not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution, Congress has the right to adoptresolutions, and a resolution to invoke censure falls into this category. The first use of censure wasactually directed not at a member of Congress but at a member of George Washington's cabinet.Alexander HamiltonWashington's treasury secretary, was accused of mishandling twocongressionally authorized loans. Congress voted a censure resolution against Hamilton. The votefell short, but it established censure as a precedent. In general, each house of Congress isresponsible for invoking censure against its own members; censure against other governmentofficials is not common, and censure against the president is rarer still.
Because censure is not specifically mentioned as the accepted form of reprimand, many censureactions against members of Congress may be listed officially as rebuke, condemnation, ordenouncement. The end result, however, is the same, and to all intents and purposes these arecensure measures. At the same time, each censure case is different, and those delivering censurelike to have enough leeway to tailor the level of severity. Still, the prospect of an open, public rebukeby one's peers is painful even for the most thick-skinned politician.

Noteworthy Censure Cases

Among the best known censure cases in Congress were the 1811 censure of Massachusettssenator Timothy Pickering for reading confidential documents in Senate sessions and the 1844censure of Ohio senator Benjamin Tappan for releasing a confidential document to a majornewspaper. Perhaps one of the more colorful censure motions was the 1902 censure of SouthCarolina's two senators, Benjamin R. Tillman and John L. McLaurin. On February 22, 1902, theybegan fighting in the Senate chamber. Both men were censured and suspended for six days(retroactively).
Probably the most infamous censure case was the condemnation of Senator joseph r. mccarthy (R-WI) in 1954. McCarthy took the national stage at the height of the anti-Communist movementfollowing World War IIMcCarthy spent several years making claims that known Communists hadinfiltrated the U.S. government, and although he never offered proof of even one claim, his crusadewas popular and powerful. Many Americans from all walks of life saw their lives destroyed in theearly 1950s by groundless accusations of communist sympathies. His power unchecked, McCarthybecame even more relentless, and in 1954 he openly attacked members of the Eisenhoweradministration in televised hearings. His colleagues realized they had no choice but to act. Acensure committee was formed, and McCarthy as much as accused its members of beingCommunists. The vote to condemn McCarthy passed 65 to 22 on December 2, 1954.
Robert Torricelli (D-NJ) was found guilty in 2002 of taking illegal gifts and cash payments from abusinessman and not reporting them. The businessman got help from the senator in Lobbying thegovernment. Although Torricelli denied the charges, his colleagues found the evidence compellingenough to "severely admonish" him. While not called a "censure," this reprimand clearly had thesame effect. Torricelli, who was up for reelection, saw his popularity plunge in a matter of weeks,and on September 30, 2002, he withdrew from the race.

Presidential Censure

Congress rarely acts against the president with a formal reprimand. Andrew Jackson was the firstpresident to be thus reprimanded, by the Senate in 1834, after he removed the secretary of thetreasury (a responsibility that Congress believed rested with the legislature). Jackson was aDemocrat, but the Senate was controlled by the rival Whig PartyThree years later, when theDemocrats took control of the Senate, Jackson's censure was expunged from the records.
President John Tyler was reprimanded in 1842 by the House of Representatives, which accusedhim of abusing his powers. Apparently Tyler had promised representatives on several occasions thathe would support certain bills, only to Veto them when they arrived at his desk. In 1848, Presidentjames k. polk was reprimanded by the House for starting the Mexican War without first obtainingCongressional approval. In 1864, President Abraham Lincoln and his secretary of war, edwinstantonwere condemned by the Senate for allowing an elected member of the House to holdcommissions in the Army. The Senate voted for the reprimand 24 to 12, but it was referred to aspecial committee and no further action was taken.
In 1998, during the Impeachment trial of President bill clintonseveral members of Congressattempted to have him censured instead, believing that while his behavior warranted rebuke it didnot merit a full impeachment. The move for censure failed, and Clinton was impeached.

Further readings

"Congressional Ethics: Historical Facts and Controversy." 1992. Congressional Quarterly.Washington, D.C.: CQ.
Thompson, Dennis F. 1995. Ethics in Congress: From Individual to Institutional Corruption.Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Cross-references

West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
 references:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johntyler - a President who was censured.

About the lowering of the flag in Hawaii and the Philippines:






















































































1902 -

Arizona republican. (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, May 11, 1902, Page 10, Image 10

Image provided by Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records; Phoenix, AZ

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020558/1902-05-11/ed-1/seq-10/

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1914 - Minister to Hawaii Appointed by President Cleveland was a American Civil War Veteran:

Honolulu star-bulletin. (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii) 1912-current, January 20, 1914, 3:30 Edition, Image 1

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014682/1914-01-20/ed-2/seq-1/

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1915

The Daily Ardmoreite. (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, February 15, 1915, HOME EDITION, Page PAGE THREE, Image 3

Image provided by Oklahoma Historical Society

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042303/1915-02-15/ed-1/seq-3/

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1917 - Leaks that President Cleveland knew about the Overthrow/Planned Overthrow with Thurston....questionnable article:

The Tacoma times. (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, January 17, 1917, Page 2, Image 2

Image provided by Washington State Library; Olympia, WA

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1917-01-17/ed-1/seq-2/

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Executive Orders, etc. can be found at this link http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14137/14137-h/14137-h.htm

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