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Wednesday, February 8, 2017

Against Monarchism - reposted from 2015

Against Monarchism, Duress of Queen Liliuokalani, et. als. Documented............

Queen Liliuokalani was Criminally Dethroned, then Placed Back on the Throne in 1915 for the Purpose of the Pan Pacific Day or Balboa Day......then the Territory of Hawaii Claimed to be the "successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii", an identity theft of a neutral, non violent, friendly nation.....Notice that wikipedia website does Not include the Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom etc.:

"Abolished monarchy"

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1908 postcard depicting nineteen reigning monarchs; twelve of their thrones were abolished during the twentieth century, although the Spanish monarchy was later restored.
Throughout history, monarchies have been abolished, either throughrevolutionscoups d'état, wars, or legislative reforms (such as abdications). The founding of the Roman Republic is a noteworthy example. The twentieth century saw a major acceleration of this process, with many monarchies violently overthrown by revolution or war, or else abolished as part of the process of decolonisation. By contrast, the restoration of monarchies is rare in modern times, with only two major examples, Spain and Cambodia.

Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries[edit]

One of the earliest examples in modern times is the overthrow in 1649 of theEnglish monarchy by the Parliament of England, led by Oliver Cromwell. The monarchy was restored in 1660.
Anti-monarchism in the United States developed out of the gradual process of revolution that began as early as 1765, as colonists resisted the Stamp Act through boycott and the expulsion and condemnation of royal officials. With the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the most violent wave of anti-monarchial protest began, with the systematic destruction of the relics and symbols of monarchy. Examples can be found in the toppling of the equestrian statue of George III on Bowling green in New York City. Monarchic loyalists were particularly affected, with hundreds of thousands exiled to Canada and the East Indies. Their property was immediately turned over to the State. Thomas Paine, the famous author of the revolutionary pamphlet "Common Sense," extolled the colonists to finance the revolutionary war through this means. Even today, very few artifacts depicting the British monarchy from the colonial period can be found in the United States.
However, the most famous abolition of monarchy in history is that of the French monarchy in 1792, during the French Revolution. The French monarchy was later restored several times until 1870.

Nineteenth century[edit]

In 1858 the Mughal Empire came to an end after losing a war against Britain, and its Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, lost his throne. Between 1859 and 1861, four monarchies in Southern Europe ceased to exist: ParmaModenaTuscany and the Two Sicilies, when they all became part of the new Kingdom of Italy. The Second Mexican Empire collapsed in 1867, and its Emperor, Maximilian I of Mexico, was executed. The Second French Empire came to an end in 1870 after it had lost the war against Prussia, causing Emperor Napoleon III to lose his throne. He was the last monarch of France.
In Spain monarchy was abolished from 1873 to 1874 by the First Spanish Republic, but then restored until 1931. The monarchy of Tahiti came to an end in 1880 when France made it a colony and overthrew King Pōmare V. That of Burma was abolished in 1885, when the last king, Thibaw Min, lost his throne and the country was annexed by Britain. In Brazil, themonarchy was abolished in 1889, when Emperor Pedro II was overthrown by a republican military coup (the status of the republic was fully confirmed by a plebiscite in 1993 that resulted in 86.6% of the votes to the rep...). In 1893 foreign business leaders overthrew the Queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They established a republic, which joined the United States in 1898. The monarchy of Madagascar, known as the Merina Kingdom, came to an end in 1897 when France made it a colony and overthrew Queen Ranavalona III.

Twentieth century[edit]

In 1910 the last emperor of Korea, Sunjong, lost his throne when the country was annexed by Japan. However, the Korean royal family was kept as a puppet family. Many of the Korean royals were forceably re-educated in Japan and forced to marry Japanese royalty and aristocrats to meld the ruling families of the two empires.
The monarchy of Portugal was also overthrown in 1910 (5 October), two years after the assassination of King Carlos I, ending the reign of Manuel II, who died in exile in England (1932), without issue.
The ancient monarchy of China ceased to exist in 1912 after the revolution of Sun Yat-sen overthrew Emperor Puyi. General Yuan Shikai, then provisional president, unsuccessfully tried to make himself a monarch in 1915.
World War I led to perhaps the greatest spate of abolition of monarchies in history. The conditions inside Russia and the poor performance in the war gave rise to a revolution which toppled the entire institution of the monarchy, followed by asecond revolution against that government in October of the same year that executed Emperor Nicholas II and implemented a Marxist-Leninist government. The defeated GermanAustro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires saw the abolition of their monarchies in the close aftermath of the war, ending the reigns of Wilhelm IICharles I and Mehmed VIrespectively. The monarchs of the constituent states within the German Empire, most importantly Ludwig III of Bavaria,Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and Wilhelm II of Württemberg, soon abdicated. During the war, monarchies were planned for the Grand Principality of Finland (to have a Finnish King), and for Lithuania (Mindaugas II of Lithuania), with aprotectorate-like dependency of Germany. Both intended kings renounced their thrones after Germany's defeat in November 1918. King Nicholas I of Montenegro lost his throne when the country became a part of Yugoslavia in 1918.
After the death of the last Emperor, Bogd Khan, in 1924, Mongolia became a republic. In Spain the monarchy was again abolished in 1931 by the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936/39). In 1947, General Franco declared Spain arealm, and appointed Juan Carlos of Bourbon his successor in 1969. The Prince of Spain became king at Franco's death in 1975, and constitutional monarchy was restored in 1978 under him.
World War II saw another spate of abolitions. In 1939 Italy invaded Albania and removed the reigning self-proclaimed King Zog and instated their own King Victor Emmanuel III as its new monarch. Italy, along with the eastern European monarchies of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania joined with Germany in World War II against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Western allies and the Soviet Union. As the Axis powers came to a defeat in the war, communist partisans in occupied Yugoslavia and occupied Albania seized power and ended the monarchies. Communists in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania removed their monarchies with strong backing by the Soviet Union, which had many troops and supporters placed there during the course of the war. Through this, Peter II of YugoslaviaSimeon II of Bulgaria and Michael I of Romania all lost their thrones. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy had switched sides during the war in favour of the western allies, but areferendum in 1946 ended the short reign of his son King Umberto II and the Italian monarchy ceased to exist. A unique result of the war was that Emperor Hirohito of Japan, who had held a debated but important role in Japan's warfare against the Allied powers, was reduced in stature from a divine monarch to a figurehead by the occupying United States, instead of losing his throne altogether.
Throughout Greece's eventful modern history, the monarchy was toppled and restored several times between and after the two World Wars. The last king, Constantine II, was forced into exile after a coup in 1967 and the republic was proclaimed in1973 by the then ruling military dictatorship. Final abolition of the monarchy was confirmed overwhelmingly after constitutional legality was restored, by free referendum in 1974.
Many monarchies were abolished in the middle of the 20th century or later as part of the process of decolonisation. The monarchies of India, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Guyana, and Malawi were abolished shortly after they became independent of the United Kingdom, while remaining within the Commonwealth. That of Ireland was not abolished when Ireland became independent of the United Kingdom in the 1920s, but by the Republic of Ireland Act of 1948, which came into force in 1949. Some Commonwealth realms waited a little longer before abolishing their monarchies: Pakistan became a republic in 1956 and South Africa in 1961. Gambia abolished its monarchy in 1970, while Sierra Leone became a republic in 1971, as did Sri Lanka and Malta in 1974, Trinidad and Tobago in 1976, and Fiji in 1987. The latest country to become a Commonwealth republic was Mauritius in 1992.
That of Egypt was abolished in 1953, after the revolution of 1952, which caused King Farouk I to abdicate in favour of his infant son Fuad II. The monarchy of Tunisia ended in 1957 when Muhammad VIII al-Amin lost his throne and that of Iraq when King Faisal II was killed and a republic proclaimed. The monarchy of Yemen was abolished in 1962 when KingMuhammad al-Shami was overthrown in a coup, although he continued to resist his opponents until 1970. King Idris of Libya was overthrown by a military coup led by Muammar Gaddafi in 1969. The monarchy of Afghanistan was abolished in 1973 after a coup d'état overthrew King Mohammed Zahir Shah. That of Iran was abolished by the Islamic revolution of 1979 overthrowing Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In Ethiopia, Emperor Haile Selassie I was overthrown in 1974 as a result of aleftist coup. King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum. Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of Indochina after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial South Vietnam came to naught in 1955, a military coup overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a Communist takeover ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975. Cambodia's monarchy later saw an unexpected rebirth under an internationally mediated peace settlement with former king Norodom Sihanouk being restored as a figurehead in 1993.
Brazil rejected an attempt to restore its monarchy in the 1990s. Unsuccessful efforts to restore the monarchies of some of the Balkan states in the former Eastern Bloc continue. Former King Michael of Romania and Prince Alexander of Serbia have been allowed to return, gained some popularity, played largely apolitical public roles, but never came close to being restored to their ancestral thrones. However, in Bulgaria, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who was deposed from the Bulgarian throne in 1946, was elected and recently served as the Prime Minister of his country from 2001 to 2005. The only formerly socialist country to have held a referendum on the monarchy was Albania where the claimant to his father's throne, the self-styled Leka Ilost by a huge margin.
In a 1999 referendum, the voters of Australia rejected a proposal to abolish their monarchy in favour of a specific republican model. The proposal was rejected in all states, with only the Australian Capital Territory voting in favour.

Twenty-first century[edit]

On 24 December 2007, the Nepalese government decided in an accord to abolish the monarchy after the elections to be held in April 2008.[1] The Nepalese monarchy was formally abolished on 28 May 2008, causing King Gyanendra to lose his throne.

Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries[edit]

Country
Last Monarch
Year
Annotations
1900s
DendiAskia Malla1901Ousted by French, the country became a part of French West Africa.
Flag of Ashanti.svgAshantiPrempeh I1902Ousted by British, the country became a part of Gold Coast (British colony).
OyoAdeyemi I Alowolodu1905Last monarch died, the country became a part of British Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
Flag of the Mwali Sultanate.svgMwali1909The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.
1910s
Flag Portugal (1830).svgPortugalManuel II1910Republican Coup d'État.
Flag of Korea (1882-1910).svgKoreaSunjongNative monarchy abolished; replaced by rule by Japan, a monarchy, through 1945.
AngocheOusted by Portuguese, the country was incorporated into Portugal.
NriEze Nri Òbalíke1911Ousted by British, the country became a part of Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
KasanjeThe country was incorporated into Portuguese West Africa.
Flag of the Qing dynasty (1889-1912).svgChinaXuantong1912Xinhai Revolution – Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans.
NdzuwaniSaidi Mohamed bin Saidi OmarThe country was incorporated into French Third Republic.
Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo.svgKongoManuel III1914Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.
DarfurAli Dinar1916Darfur formally re-incorporated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
YuanFlag1.svgChinaHongxianMonarchy abandoned, shortly after the outbreak of the National Protection War.
Flag of Russia.svgRussiaNicholas II1917Russian Revolution of 1917.
Flag of Russia.svgFinlandFinnish Declaration of Independence.
Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svgSultanate of SuluSultan Jamalul-Kiram IISplit into North Borneo, and the Philippines
Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svgMontenegroNicholas I1918Referendum deposed King and united Montenegro with Serbia.
Flag of the German Empire.svgGermanyWilliam IIAll on account of German defeat in World War I and the following German Revolution.
Flag of Prussia 1892-1918.svgPrussia
Flag of Bavaria (striped).svgBavariaLudwig III
Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svgWürttembergWilliam II
Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svgSaxonyFrederick Augustus III
Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svgHesseErnest Louis
Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svgBadenFrederick II
Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svgSaxe-Weimar-EisenachWilliam Ernest
Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svgMecklenburg-SchwerinFrederick Francis IV
Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svgMecklenburg-StrelitzAdolphus Frederick VI
OldenburgFrederick Augustus II
Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svgBrunswickErnst Augustus
Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svgAnhaltJoachim Ernst
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svgSaxe-Coburg and GothaCharles Edward
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svgSaxe-MeiningenBernhard III
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svgSaxe-AltenburgErnst II
Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svgWaldeck-PyrmontFriedrich
Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svgLippeLeopold IV
Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svgSchaumburg-LippeAdolf II
Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svgSchwarzburg-RudolstadtGünther Victor
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svgReuss Elder LineHeinrich XXIV
Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svgReuss Younger LineHeinrich XXVII
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svgAustriaCharles ICharles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, on 10 September 1919.
Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svgFinlandFrederick Charles IMonarchy never in effect.
Flag of Lithuania (1918-1940).svgLithuaniaMindaugas II
Flag of Poland.svgPolandRuled byRegency Council
Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svgHungaryCharles IVMonarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with aRegent.
State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svgSerbiaPeter ICountry transformed to Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Flag of Ukraine.svgUkrainePavlo SkoropadskyiRemoved from power, following an uprising led by Symon Petliura and the withdrawal of German forces from Kiev.
 
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1920s
Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svgBukhara (Uzbekistan)Mohammed Alim Khan1920
Bandera de Khiva 1917-1920.svgKhiva (Uzbekistan)Abdallah Khan
Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svgSyriaFaisal IMonarchy deposed, following the Siege of Damascus.
Ottoman flag.svgOttoman EmpireMehmed VI1922Sultanate abolished in 1922.
WitulandFumo `Umar ibn Ahmad1923Sultanate abolished by British, the country was incorporated into Kenya Colony.
Hellenic Kingdom Flag 1935.svgGreeceGeorge II1924Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1974 (see below).
Flag of Mongolia (1911-1921).svgMongoliaBogd KhanCommunist People's Republic proclaimed after Khan's death.
Flag of Albania (1914-1920).svgAlbaniaWilliam I1925Monarchy restored in 1928 (Albanian Kingdom).
MohammerahKhaz'al al-Ka'bi1925Sheikhdom abolished by Persia
OrunguRogombé-Nwèntchandi1927Position abolished by French.
1930s
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svgSpainAlfonso XIII1931Later restored (see below).
JimmaAbba Jofir1932Ousted by Ethiopians, Jimma incorporated into Ethiopia.
Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svgAlbaniaZog I1939Throne usurped by Victor Emmanuel III, after Italian invasion.
1940s
Flag of Albania (1939-1943).svgAlbaniaVictor Emmanuel III1943Relinquished throne after Italian armistice.
Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svgCroatiaTomislav IIAbdicated after withdrawal of Italian support.
Light Blue Flag of Iceland.svgIcelandChristian X1944Union with Denmark terminated.
Flag of Montenegro (1905-1918 & 1941-1944).svgMontenegroRuled byGovernorMonarchy abolished after takeover by Yugoslav Partisans
Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svgYugoslaviaPeter II1945Communist reconstruction.
Flag of Manchukuo.svgManchukuoKāngdéMerged into the Republic of China after abolition of the Empire.
Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svgVietnamBảo ĐạiMonarchy abolished after the Surrender of Japan.
Flag of Hungary (1920–1946).svgHungaryMiklós Horthyas Regent1946Decision of the parliament without a referendum.
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svgItalyUmberto IIReferendum; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.
Flag of Bulgaria.svgBulgariaSimeon IIReferendum held to decide whether the monarchy would be retained; results falsified by the communist government: 95% in favour of republic.
Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svgSarawakCharles Vyner BrookeWhite Rajahs hand over power to British crown.
Flag of Romania.svgRomaniaMichael I1947Forced out by the communists.
Flag of Ireland.svgIrelandGeorge VI1949Abolished the last "Monarchy of Ireland", the King of the United Kingdom.
1950s
Flag of India.svgIndiaGeorge VI1950Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of Mysore.svgMysoreHH Maharaja SirJayachamaraja Wodeyar1950The Kingdom of Mysore merged with the Republic of India in 1950
Flag of Tibet.svgTibetTenzin Gyatso1951Annexed by the People's Republic of China.
Flag of Egypt (1922–1958).svgEgyptFuad II1953Republic proclaimed one year after the 1952 Revolution.
Flag of Vietnam.svgVietnamBảo Đại1954Vietnam partitioned through the Geneva Accords.
Flag of South Vietnam.svgVietnamBảo Đại1955Referendum in South Vietnam.
Flag of Pakistan.svgPakistanElizabeth II1956Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of Tunisia.svgTunisiaMuhammad VIII al-Amin1957coup d'état
Flag of Iraq (1921–1959).svgIraqFaisal II1958
 
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1960s
Flag of Ghana.svgGhanaElizabeth II1960Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svgSouth Africa1961Abolished Commonwealth monarchy pursuant to 1960 referendum; official result: 53% in favor of republic.
Flag Rwanda 1959.svgRwandaKigeli Vcoup d'état, followed by referendum; official result: 80% in favor of abolishing monarchy.
Flag of Tanganyika.svgTanganyikaElizabeth II1962Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svgYemenMuhammad XIcoup d'état
Flag of Nigeria.svgNigeriaElizabeth II1963Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of Uganda.svgUganda
Flag of Kenya.svgKenya1964
Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svgZanzibarJamshid bin AbdullahZanzibar Revolution
Flag of Burundi (1962-1966).svgBurundiNtare V1966coup d'état
Flag of Malawi.svgMalawiElizabeth IIAbolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Fadhli SultanateNasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli1967The countries were incorporated into newly created People's Republic of South Yemen.
Qu'aiti SultanateGhalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti
Sultanate of Upper YafaMuhammad ibn Salih Harharah
Sultanate of Lower YafaMahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi
Muflahi Sheikhdomal Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman
Audhali SultanateSalih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali
Emirate of BeihanSaleh al Hussein Al Habieli
Dathina Sheikhdom
Emirate of DhalaShafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri
Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
Sheikhdom of ShaibYahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi
Alawi SheikhdomSalih ibn Sayil Al Alawi
Aqrabi SheikhdomMahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi
Wahidi Sultanate of HabanHusayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi
Qutaibi Sheikhdom
Hadrami Sheikhdom
Mausatta Sheikhdom
Busi Sheikhdom
Dhabi Sheikhdom
Haushabi SultanateFaisal bin Surur Al Haushabi
Kathiri SultanateAl Husayn ibn Ali
Mahra Sultanate
Sultanate of LahejAli bin Abd al Karim al Abdali
Lower Aulaqi SultanateNasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi
Upper Aulaqi SultanateAwad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi
Upper Aulaqi SheikhdomAmir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi
Flag of Maldives.svgMaldivesMuhammad Fareed Didi1968Independence referendum.
Flag of Libya (1951).svgLibyaIdris I1969coup d'état
Flag of Cambodia.svgCambodiaNorodom Sihanouk1970Later restored (see below).
Flag of The Gambia.svgThe GambiaElizabeth II1971Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of Guyana.svgGuyana
Flag of Sierra Leone.svgSierra Leone
Flag of Sri Lanka.svgCeylon1972Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, state name changed into "Sri Lanka".
Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svgAfghanistanMohammed Zahir Shah1973coup d'état
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svgEthiopiaHaile Selassie I1974
Flag of Greece (1970-1975).svgGreeceConstantine IIreferendum; official result: 69% against monarchy
Flag of Malta.svgMaltaElizabeth IIAbolished Commonwealth monarchy.
Flag of Laos (1952-1975).svgLaosSavang Vatthana1975Communist takeover
Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svgSikkimPalden Thondup NamgyalReferendum; official result: 97% to become a state of India.
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svgTrinidad and TobagoElizabeth II1976Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
State Flag of Iran (1964-1980).svgIranMohammad Reza Pahlavi1979Iranian Revolution
Flag of the Central African Republic.svgCentral AfricaBokassa Icoup d'état
 
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1980s
Flag of Southern Rhodesia.svgSouthern RhodesiaElizabeth II1980Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. An unrecognised government hadunilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965 and proclaimed a republic in 1969; it was renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979 but returned to United Kingdom control as Southern Rhodesia in December 1979. Southern Rhodesia subsequently gained independence as Zimbabwe.
Rwenzururu flag.pngRwenzururuCharles Mumbere1982Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.
Flag of Fiji.svgFijiElizabeth II1987Abolished Commonwealth monarchyElizabeth II remained recognized asParamount Chief by the Great Council of Chiefs until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012.
1990s
Flag of Mauritius.svgMauritiusElizabeth II1992Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.
2000s
Flag of Samoa.svgSamoa[dubious ]Malietoa Tanumafili II[dubious ]2007Last non-elected ruler (O le Ao o le Malo) died, country de facto switched to parliamentary republic[dubious ]
Flag of Nepal.svgNepalGyanendra2008Monarchy abolished on 28 May 2008, replaced with a secular federal republic.[2]

Current monarchies that were abolished and then restored[edit]

Country
Year Abolished
Annotations
Year Restored
Flag of England.svgFlag of Scotland.svgSt Patrick's saltire.svgEngland,Scotlandand Ireland1649Commonwealth of England established1660
Flag of Spain.svgSpain1873First Spanish Republic established1874
1931Second Spanish Republic established, then restored in 1947 (de jure), initially under the regency of Francisco Franco1975
(de facto)
Flag of Ankole.svgAnkole1967Four traditional Ugandan monarchies abolished by government under new constitution of Milton Obote1993
Flag of Buganda.svgBuganda
Flag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svgBunyoro
Flag of Toro, Uganda.svgToro
Flag of Cambodia.svgCambodia1970Khmer Republic established, in 1975 it was overthrown by the Khmer Rouge andDemocratic Kampuchea was established. In 1979, the People's Republic of Kampuchea was established, whose name was changed to the State of Cambodia.1993
Rwenzururu flag.pngRwenzururu, a part of Uganda1982Abolished by the government.2009
(de facto)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ "South Asia | Nepalese monarchy to be abolished". BBC News. 24 December 2007. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
  2. Jump up^ "World | South Asia | Nepal votes to abolish monarchy". BBC News. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
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Premeditation to Take Over the Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom made  

Article Preview

PEARL HARBOR COALING STATION.; IMPERATIVE NECESSITY THAT THE UNITED STATES TAKE POSSESSION.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 8. -- The United States, through the inactivity of the Navy Department and the indifference of the State Department, is likely to lose the only coaling station of which it stands in real need. Nothing has been done since 1884, when the Pearl Harbor site in the Hawaiian Islands became available, beyond a number of surveys which have abundantly demonstrated the excellence of this harbor as a site for a naval station.
January 09, 1893
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The Pacific commercial advertiser. (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, March 07, 1894, Image 1

Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1894-03-07/ed-1/s...

Page

The following is part of the Evidence of the Conspiracies/Piracies/Treasonous Activities against Queen Liliuokalani, et. als. being prepared as evidence for the Contractual Agreement/ Treaty made with Kamehameha III and the U.S. President, Secretary of State ratified by Congress or the 1850 Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the U.S.A./U.S..........and reasons why the U.S.A./U.S. needs to take back their Pirates/Privateers/Parasites, etc.:
Read the caption and read it well, distribute/send to families, friends......Important for ALL Kanaka Maoli........
Now read what happened AFTER or few months AFTER Queen Liliuokalani died...focus on #5:
 
Note:  The Truth is shown as evidence once more.....fyi.........
Notice the move was always to ASSUME THE LAND AND ASSETS as pointed out in Kili's film:
    

No Treaty- No Law- No Land

Informing many because..............
  
Something STINKS...............(.and I know it's NOT ME) WICKED TO THE MAX!
aloha.
Delete
Note:
The Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom IS NOT listed in the Wikipedia lists.......under those Monarchy /Monarchical governments being overthrown, extinguished, etc.
What ? Why?
It appears that the Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom has been criminally assumed, not extinguished by the Territory of Hawaii which evolved from the Republic of Hawaii, and the Provisional government which is part of the three-part government a temporary voted in part called the House of Representatives.  
The name change from the Territory of Hawaii became the State of Hawaii through Executive Order by the U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower in 1959 with documented opposition by the Kamehameha's represented by Harold Abel Cathcart, a retired school principal who was the first cousin of my great grandmother Mary Kauweloa.
So, the issues are Identity Theft because the Permanent Parts of the Kingdom of Hawaii/ Hawaiian Kingdom remains in the "Heirs and successors" of Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli - the Sovereign part of the government; and the "House of Nobles" - the permanent members heirs and successors.
Queen Liliuokalani stated this under duress, stress, usurpation, coercion, intimidation:
'Now to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do this under protest, and compelled by said force yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.'
Then she became an American citizen to maintain claims in the Crown Lands, dubbed "ceded lands" by treasonous persons, and sought compensation in the Court of Claims whose judge was Fenton Booth.
The True Hawaiian Government Documented in the Laws of Ko Hawaii Pae Aina/Hawaiian Kingdom/ Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian archipelago:
1) History /meaning of the "Hawaiian Government"/ other Case(s) Cited:

In Rex vs. Booth case, the meaning of the Hawaiian Government is documented:



Briefly, the Hawaiian Government is made up of three (3) parts:.......the first two (2) parts are permanent bodies - (1) Sovereign - King/Queen - descendants/heirs; (2) House of Nobles - descendants/heirs; and (3) third part - the voted in positions for the House of Representatives. The entity State of Hawaii is operating on a 1/3 function and therefore is illegal, especially since it has been found that Premeditation to take over Pearl Harbor and assistance to usurp Queen Liliuokalani is on record.

2) See Premeditation article which was found by researcher Shane Lee, a relative of mines, a relative of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, sibling of documented next of kin to Bernice Pauahi Bishop wrongfully, criminally claimed as having been the last of the Kamehameha's.


Reference: HAWAIIAN REPORTS Volume 2 - Rex vs. Joseph Booth, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii; NEW YORK TIMES, January 9, 1893 or 7 days before dethroning Queen Liliuokalani.
3. Military came off their ship the BOSTON on January 15, 1893 causing duress, stress, usurpation, coercion (intimidation too) due to the weapons, gatling guns, etc.
4. Kiliwehi Kekumano's research at the National Archives, Maryland:

https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7N635np2xgnzIJuCMp3vgg?feat=d...


Background and Additional Reasons for Maintaining the Crown Lands Claims Resulting In Additional Support of the Makekau Family:

a) Documents found by Researcher Keoua Gora and his cousin.

b) Documents of the Annexation Opposition signed by Queen Liliuokalani found by Researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano at the National Archives, Maryland.

c) Queen Emma, widow of Alexander Liholiho/Kamehameha IV, deeded her dower/her interest in the Crown Lands to the "Hawaiian Government" in 1864. Her dower/her interest was for part of the Crown Lands. This deed was found at the Bureau of Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu.

d) The Hawaiian Government in place consisted of the Sovereign - heirs AND successors; the House of Nobles - heirs and successors; both were PERMANENT Positions; and then the voted in positions called the House of Representatives.
Note:  the following is a Problematic/Treasonous issue case with the non-Royal parties help themselves to status of the King and House of Nobles......then again, with the shut down of the Archives, Records of the Hawaiian Kingdom occurring after the premeditated dethronement of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, many entries were tampered with, certain cases, and many of the land transfers because many alii who had died had land transfers made to the treasonous persons/pirates/dethroners/conspirators, etc.

e) Additional Case Affecting the "Hawaiian Government" citing "The Legislative and Judicial are co-ordinate departments of the Government of equal dignity; each is alike supreme in the exercise of its proper functions, and cannot directly or indirectly, while acting within the limits of its authority, be subjected to the control or supervision of the other, without an unwarrantable assumption by that other of the power which, by the Constitution, is not conferred upon it."

Reference: HAWAIIAN REPORTS, Volume 7, The King vs. Young Tang, 1887, Supreme Court Law Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.

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So, legally, the entity State of Hawaii supported by the U.S. Presidents are maintaining criminal claims and are Pirates, pillagers, etc. as documented in Article XIV or the 1850 Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States of America. A permanent, friendship treaty exists. The United States and the American Empire evolved from the United States of America through the Secret banker's Constitution in 1871 and has usurped the American people. (See Karen Hudes and Vladimir Putin's Whistleblower information, etc.) The U.S. through the American Empire viewing the Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom as the "Sandwich Islands" operate through identity theft by supporting the House of Representatives which evolved into the Provisional government, the Republic, the Territory, and now the State, under Identity Thefts ---
which is actively assuming lands, assets belonging to a Constitutional Monarchy government, which engaged in fraudulent contracts with Queen Liliuokalani who was under duress, stress, coercion, usurpation, intimidation, and a victim of elderly abuse for engaging her to sign into illegal contracts which has been null and voided through the Foreign Affairs Office/ Department - Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs - Amelia Gora.
The Kamehameha's, Kamehameha III's - Kauikeaouli's, Kalaniopuu's, Kaumualii's heirs/ descendants, and the successors exists.  
The entity State of Hawaii are Not related to us.
Treasonous persons includes the Kawananakoa's, Kuhio's, et. als. are documented parties to the crimes of usurping Queen Liliuokalani and are part of the pirates, pillagers, deceivers, frauds who have been supported by the identity thieves, etc.
aloha.
References:

Discussion:

The 1863 Constitution utilized was the last one approved and recognized. The 1887 Constitution was not ratified/approved and was signed under duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation by King Kalakaua who signed with a gun to his head. His sister later known as Queen Liliuokalani did name the incident "The Bayonet Constitution".
The Constitution signed by Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 was destroyed soon after she signed it, and a"purported" Constitution was recorded by treasonous persons and validated by the U.S. Congress thereafter(It was Congress and the U.S. President who authorized the military to take over Pearl Harbor 8 days before the dethronement of Queen Liliuokalani. See the article Pearl Harbor Coaling Station article which was posted above.

Note:  For  additional information, see  http://www.opednews.com/Diary/Why-the-U-S-Constitution-by-Amelia-Go... 

Why the U.S. Constitution of 1849 Remains Unaffected....because of the Perpetual Treaty With the Hawaiian Kingdom

 http://theiolani.blogspot.com/2011/10/legalnotice_31.html and theiolani.blogspot.com andhttp://myweb.ecomplanet.com/GORA8037 
    
Members of the Royal Families Enjoying Themselves at the Iolani Palace:  Eugene Simeona and Calvin Santos singing his new song "Hawaiian Nation"
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Issues Exposed/to be Resolved:

Genealogies are the basis of the Monarchy in the Hawaiian Islands.

There are many Kamehameha descendants, many have been uncovered due to a tremendous amount of research made over the past 24 years.

Historical issues have been uncovered showing Premeditation, duress issues which negates all claims made by the U.S. et. als. who did support conspirators, treasonous persons documented.

Realistically, no one can proclaim themselves to be King or Queen because there are specific issues that needs to be addressed…………….the descendants of those who attended the Royal School are also part of the picture….. for example the families of all of them………

Is it proper to have former prisoners be allowed to be Kings, Queens?

The point being that the bloodlines who maintain titles to the lands through genealogies must be the ones who are to be looked at seriously.

The bloodlines who connect to the Sovereign, the House of Nobles which are the two permanent branches of the Hawaiian Kingdom must be looked at seriously…………..

otherwise, diversions by power hungry actors are part of the picture and can be seen as no different than the usurpers of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.

We need to seriously look at the families of the Sovereigns, and House of Nobles.

Meanwhile, the claimants who cannot show their genealogies are part of the voted in, temporary branch under the heading of the the House of Representatives, the third part of the three-part government making up the Hawaiian Kingdom.

It was the House of Representatives branch that turned into the treasonous group making up the Provisional Government, turned Republic of Hawaii, Territory of Hawaii, and the State of Hawaii supported by the U.S., England, J.P. Morgan bankers, Bank of England.

We are an ancient genealogy based society whose descendants/heirs exists today.

Let’s have all of these “Kings, Queen’s, Regents, etc.” show/prove their genealogies soon.
 aloha.
    
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Sarah Vowell on The Daily Show: The ‘Annexation’ of Hawaii

This is absolute must watch. We’ve seen Sarah Vowell on The Daily Show before, and enjoy how she shares history with her dry wit and puts things in ways you can easily relate to.  As Jon says, “I laugh, but I learn.”
Well, now she’s written a book on Hawai’i, Unfamiliar Fishes. She describes the “orgy of imperialism” of the summer of 1898. And she nails it. Kekula said when it was over, “that was one of the most comprehensive statements on Hawaii ever presented in such a broad media.” A whole lot of very well-informed, engaged people watch Jon Stewart. And the way she explained it was a truth that many people probably heard for the first time. A lot of people will read her book. She explains the context of the Spanish-American War, the role for Hawaii as “a naval base for our forthcoming invasions,” the missionary family children who “overthrew the Hawaiian queen so as to hand the Hawaiian Islands over to the United States,” mentions the anti-annexation petitions, and compares the joint resolution as “the sort of law New Jersey would use to declare a day Jon Bon Jovi Day.”
The Daily Show With Jon StewartMon – Thurs 11p / 10c
Exclusive – Sarah Vowell Extended Interview Pt. 1
www.thedailyshow.com
Daily Show Full EpisodesPolitical Humor & Satire BlogThe Daily Show on Facebook
The Daily Show With Jon StewartMon – Thurs 11p / 10c
Exclusive – Sarah Vowell Extended Interview Pt. 2
www.thedailyshow.com
Daily Show Full EpisodesPolitical Humor & Satire BlogThe Daily Show on Facebook
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Vladimir Putin blew the whistle on the U.S. by informing all Americans that their government usurped them....Banker whistleblowers Karen Hudes of the World Bank https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgH14gCBfeA and Alayne Fleishmann has gifted All with the Truthhttp://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-9-b... see recent Vladimir Putin's speeches whereas he said Americans were usurped, etc. and see other info at http://theiolani.blogspot.com/2014/11/vol-v-no-52... ---WAR MONGERS have immense WAR DEBTS..... fyi C(h)attle ----- GOYIM Awaken! reckless, racketeering documented ...the offenders: treasonous persons moving to create WARS AGAINST INNOCENTS..........!!!
All-Out War in Ukraine: NATO’s ‘Final Offensive’
In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. Information Clearing House has no affiliation whatsoever with the originator of this a…
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Signed:  Amelia Gora, a Royal Family member - descendant of Kalaniopuu (4 lines), Kamehameha (4 lines and 2 lines of his hanai hookama/adopted and inherited sovereignty), Kaumualii (2 lines) et. als., Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs, member of the House of Nobles, Judicial Tribunal, Konohiki, Hawaiian Genealogical Society, Hawaiian Kingdom/Ko Hawaii Pae Aina/ Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian archipelago/Hawaii
    
   
aloha.
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Amelia Gora https://hawaiitransitionalplan.files.wordpress.com/... covers Mauna Kea Issues .....must have for American Hawaiians, et. als. Universal Declaration of Human Rights .....z everyone fyi and kanaka maoli - Protective Orders sent out with for Mauna Kea kanaka maoli and defenders.... 
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Amelia Gorahttp://www.ohchr.org/.../Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf Universal Declaration of Human Rights - usage for Mauna Kea, etc.
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Lisa Noelani Tam-Hoy Robbins I have 5 kids and consider all keiki and opio my kuleana. One of my many missions is financial & cultural sustainability. The TMT does not align with those missions.
Amelia Gora, aloha no. I have come across your work and posts online. Mahalo for posting and sharing.
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Lisa Noelani Tam-Hoy Robbins The Mauna Kea issue is about our native rights, intellectual property rights of our kupuna, and human rights. 'Ae, we are Mauna Kea. 
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Amelia Gora Article 18 covers Mauna Kea in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights..........fyi - please pass around, share with all 
Just now · Like
A plan that includes and considers the well being of all people living in Hawaii while returning the Kanaka Maoli to their rightful place
HAWAIITRANSITIONALPLAN.WORDPRESS.COM
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Up and in prayer for The Still Sovereign Hawaiian Kingdom...jion me!! MANY IN BODY ONE IN MIND!!
we remain a neutral, friendly non violent nation.....and the State of Hawaii are actually identity thieves..........ramifications are many..... they cannot validate their existence...... many Hawaiians/kanaka maoli are taking it from varying perspectives.........for example, Keanu Sai, Dexter Kaiama, et. als. take it from a military occupation, aligned with Professor Boyle who is from the One World Order pushers......then you have Henry Noa, Bumpy Kanahele et. als. who have joined up with OHA - created by the entity state who is trying to validate their criminal existence......then you have other Clowns, including the Kawananakoa's, Akahi, et. als. who claiming to be the Kings or Queen's---there are issues of treason, etc. that comes with those claimants...............and then you have those who do tons of research such as others and myself with the documented evidence and have the Kamehameha bloodlines, and maintain the neutral friendly non warring status because we're also directly connected to Kamehameha thru Queen Liliuokalani...........and helping our people, kanaka maoli..............we're good to go.........operating and disregarding/exposing Clowns, Pirates, Pillagers, etc............thank you for your comment Joseph Rodrigues many of us are whistleblowers just like yourself and we too support innocents in the Hawaiian Kingdom and our friends around the world......malama ponohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIqx5_w-dnk
Judy Collins Send in the Clowns
Muppets Show Season 2 Episode 5. Judy Collins singin Send in the Clowns. I have seen this as a Kid. I didn't...
Muppets Show Season 2 Episode 5. Judy Collins singin Send in the Clowns. I have seen this as a Kid. I didn't realize how good the Number really is until a cu...
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 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnlPpbEWI2s

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