Researched by Amelia Gora (2018), a
Royal person - One of Kamehameha's Descendants
"Why does a strong nation strike against a weaker one? Usually because it seeks to impose its ideology, increase its power, or gain control of valuable resources." - Stephen Kinzer 2006
The United States moved to "gain control of valuable resources"/ assume the lands, assets, minerals from a neutral, friendly nation called the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893.
Background
"In 1860, the year before the American Civil War started, the U.S. Government debt was $64.8 million. Once the war began, debt grew quickly. The financial cost of the war was significant, totaling an estimated $5.2 billion."
"By the end of the war in 1865, Government debt had exploded, reaching $2.6 billion. That was more than 40 times what it was only five years earlier at $65 million. "
Reference: https://www.treasurydirect.gov/kids/history/history_civilwar.htm
Kamehameha IV - Alexander Liholiho was Sovereign during this time period:
Kamehameha IV | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
King of the Hawaiian Islands (more...) | |||||
Reign | January 11, 1855 – November 30, 1863 | ||||
Investiture | January 11, 1855 Kawaiahaʻo Church | ||||
Predecessor | Kamehameha III | ||||
Successor | Kamehameha V | ||||
Kuhina Nui | Keoni Ana Kaʻahumanu IV | ||||
Born | February 9, 1834 Honolulu, Oʻahu | ||||
Died | November 30, 1863 (aged 29) Honolulu, Oʻahu | ||||
Burial | February 3, 1864[1] Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum | ||||
Spouse | Queen Emma | ||||
Issue | Albert Edward Kauikeaouli | ||||
| |||||
House | House of Kamehameha | ||||
Father | Kekūanāoʻa Kamehameha III (hānai) | ||||
Mother | Kīnaʻu Kalama (hānai) | ||||
Religion | Church of Hawaii | ||||
Signature |
Kamehameha V - Lot Kamehameha made an American Civil War General named Alfred S. Hartwell a Judge upon his arrival. Kamehameha V - Lot Kamehameha was surrounded by alien persons who helped to dethrone Hawaii's Queen.
Kamehameha V | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
King of the Hawaiian Islands (more...) | |||||
Reign | November 30, 1863 — December 11, 1872 | ||||
Predecessor | Kamehameha IV | ||||
Successor | Lunalilo | ||||
Kuhina Nui | Victoria Kamāmalu, Kaʻahumanu IV Kekūanāoʻa | ||||
Born | December 11, 1830 Honolulu, Oahu | ||||
Died | December 11, 1872 (aged 42) Honolulu, Oahu | ||||
Burial | January 11, 1873[1] Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum | ||||
Issue | Keanolani (illegitimate) | ||||
| |||||
House | House of Kamehameha | ||||
Father | Kekūanāoʻa Ulumāheihei Hoapili (hānai) | ||||
Mother | Kīnaʻu Nāhiʻenaʻena (hānai) Kalākua Kaheiheimālie (hānai) | ||||
Religion | Church of Hawaii | ||||
Signature |
Alfred S. Hartwell rented a room in the home of John Dominis, husband of Liliuokalani who became Queen in 1891.
Alfred S. Hartwell probated Kamehameha IV - Alexander Liholiho.
Alfred S. Hartwell wrongfully/criminally changed the ownership of the Crown lands from the directions of Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli to his heirs and successors to the successors of the Crown/the throne.
With that move, Hartwell was treasonous to the Royal Families. Royal persons are not subject to the laws.
King Lunalilo succeeded Kamehameha V - Lot Kamehameha. King Lunalilo died soon after.
Lunalilo | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Photograph of Lunalilo by Menzies Dickson
| |||||
King of the Hawaiian Islands (more...) | |||||
Reign | January 8, 1873 – February 3, 1874 | ||||
Investiture | January 9, 1873 Kawaiahaʻo Church | ||||
Predecessor | Kamehameha V | ||||
Successor | Kalākaua | ||||
Born | January 31, 1835 Pohukaina, Honolulu, Oahu | ||||
Died | February 3, 1874 (aged 39) Haimoeipo, Honolulu, Oahu | ||||
Burial | February 28, 1874[1][2] Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla (temporary) November 23, 1875[3] Lunalilo Mausoleum, Kawaiahaʻo Church | ||||
| |||||
House | Keōua Nui / Kamehameha Kalaimamahu | ||||
Father | Charles Kanaina | ||||
Mother | Kekāuluohi |
Alfred S. Hartwell married the sister of William O. Smith, a Trustee of Bernice Pauahi Bishop (died in 1884) who was claimed to be "the last of the Kamehameha's" which was a lie. There were many other Kamehameha descendants as discovered in research.
King David Kalakaua reigned during this period:
Kalākaua | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
King of the Hawaiian Islands (more ...) | |||||
Reign | February 13, 1874 – January 20, 1891 | ||||
Investiture Coronation | February 13, 1874, Kīnaʻu Hale February 12, 1883, ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu. | ||||
Predecessor | Lunalilo | ||||
Successor | Liliʻuokalani | ||||
Born | November 16, 1836 Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawai'i | ||||
Died | January 20, 1891 (aged 54) San Francisco, California, U.S. | ||||
Burial | February 15, 1891[1] Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum | ||||
Spouse | Kapiʻolani | ||||
| |||||
House | House of Kalākaua | ||||
Father | Caesar Kapaʻakea | ||||
Mother | Analea Keohokālole | ||||
Religion | Church of Hawaii | ||||
Signature |
It was during the time of King David Kalakaua that a Representative of the United States asked for loans but was denied by the House of Nobles because only interest would be paid and the principal would not be paid for thousands of years.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was the leader of the U.S. during King Kalakaua's Reign and he also played a part in the dethronement of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.
Benjamin Harrison | |
---|---|
23rd President of the United States | |
In office March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 | |
Vice President | Levi P. Morton |
Preceded by | Grover Cleveland |
Succeeded by | Grover Cleveland |
United States Senator from Indiana | |
In office March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1887 | |
Preceded by | Joseph McDonald |
Succeeded by | David Turpie |
Personal details | |
Born | August 20, 1833 North Bend, Ohio, U.S. |
Died | March 13, 1901 (aged 67) Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. |
Cause of death | Pneumonia |
Resting place | Crown Hill Cemetery Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. |
Political party | Republican (1856–1901) |
Other political affiliations | Whig Party (before 1856) |
Spouse(s) |
|
Children | |
Parents | John Scott Harrison Elizabeth Ramsey |
Education | |
Profession | |
Signature | |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States |
Service/branch | United States Army
|
Years of service | 1862–1865 |
Rank | Colonel Brevet brigadier general |
Unit | Army of the Cumberland |
Commands |
|
Battles/wars | American Civil War |
King David Kalakaua died, his sister Liliuokalani became the Queen:
Liliʻuokalani | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Queen of the Hawaiian Islands (more...) | |||||
Reign | January 29, 1891 – January 17, 1893 | ||||
Predecessor | Kalākaua | ||||
Successor | Monarchy overthrown | ||||
Born | September 2, 1838 Honolulu, Oʻahu, Kingdom of Hawaii | ||||
Died | November 11, 1917 (aged 79) Honolulu, Oʻahu, Territory of Hawaii | ||||
Burial | November 18, 1917 Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum | ||||
Spouse | John Owen Dominis | ||||
| |||||
House | Kalākaua | ||||
Father | Caesar Kapaʻakea. Hānai adoptive father; Abner Pākī | ||||
Mother | Analea Keohokālole. Hānai adoptive mother; Laura Kōnia | ||||
Religion | Protestantism (more...) | ||||
Signature |
U.S. President, Secretary of State, and U.S. Congress made plans to have the BOSTON take over the Queen from a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation in 1893.
See:
WASHINGTON, Jan. 8. -- The United States, through the inactivity of the Navy Department and the indifference of the State Department, is likely to lose the only coaling station of which it stands in real need. Nothing has been done since 1884, when the Pearl Harbor site in the Hawaiian Islands became available, beyond a number of surveys which have abundantly demonstrated the excellence of this harbor as a site for a naval station.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison's Vice President Levi P. Morton 'helped with the international transfer of monies from the Hawaiian Kingdom', lost the bid for a second nomination, returned to his bank, then sold his bank to the J.P. Morgan bankers:
Levi P. Morton | |
---|---|
22nd Vice President of the United States | |
In office March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 | |
President | Benjamin Harrison |
Preceded by | Thomas A. Hendricks |
Succeeded by | Adlai E. Stevenson |
31st Governor of New York | |
In office January 1, 1895 – December 31, 1896 | |
Lieutenant | Charles T. Saxton |
Preceded by | Roswell P. Flower |
Succeeded by | Frank S. Black |
United States Minister to France | |
In office March 21, 1881 – May 14, 1885 | |
Appointed by | James A. Garfield |
Preceded by | Edward Follansbee Noyes |
Succeeded by | Robert Milligan McLane |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 11th district | |
In office March 4, 1879 – March 21, 1881 | |
Preceded by | Benjamin A. Willis |
Succeeded by | Roswell P. Flower |
Personal details | |
Born | Levi Parsons Morton May 16, 1824 Shoreham, Vermont, U.S. |
Died | May 16, 1920 (aged 96) Rhinebeck, New York, U.S. |
Resting place | Rhinebeck Cemetery, Rhinebeck, New York |
Nationality | American |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) |
|
Children | 7 |
Signature |
References:
https://www.opednews.com/Diary/The-Royal-Families-In-The-by-Amelia-Gora-120117-95.html
http://he-mokupuni-pae-aina-o-hawaii.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-royal-families-and-problematic.html
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/02/ten-10-legal-issues-of-kingdom-of.html
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/11/overview-of-us-president-cleveland-gave.html
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison's Secretary of State 'helped direct the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani':
John Foster | |
---|---|
32nd United States Secretary of State | |
In office June 29, 1892 – February 23, 1893 | |
President | Benjamin Harrison |
Preceded by | James G. Blaine |
Succeeded by | Walter Q. Gresham |
United States Minister to Spain | |
In office June 16, 1883 – August 28, 1885 | |
President | Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland |
Preceded by | Hannibal Hamlin |
Succeeded by | Jabez Curry |
United States Minister to Russia | |
In office June 11, 1880 – August 1, 1881 | |
President | Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield |
Preceded by | Edwin W. Stoughton |
Succeeded by | William H. Hunt |
United States Minister to Mexico | |
In office June 16, 1873 – March 2, 1880 | |
President | Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes |
Preceded by | Thomas H. Nelson |
Succeeded by | Philip H. Morgan |
Personal details | |
Born | John Watson Foster March 2, 1836 Petersburg, Indiana, U.S. |
Died | November 15, 1917 (aged 81) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) | Mary Parke McFerson (1859–1917) |
Children | 2 |
Education | Indiana University, Bloomington (BA) Harvard University |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States • Union |
Service/branch | United States Army • Union Army |
Years of service | 1861–1865 |
Rank | Colonel |
Battles/wars | American Civil War |
References:
https://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/11/united-states-secretary-of-state-john-w.html
Sunday, November 4, 2018
United States Secretary of State John W. Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy
American Civil War Generals Documented in Hawaii - Military Operatives
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/08/more-premeditation-evidence-yet-another.html
More Premeditation Evidence: YET ANOTHER AMERICAN CIVIL WAR GENERAL ASSIGNED TO THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/07/premeditation-evidence-american-civil.html
Premeditation Evidence: American Civil War Generals on Assignment in the Hawaiian Islands
More Premeditation
*Benjamin Tracy -
http://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2018/01/remembering-criminal-dethronement-of.html
https://www.opednews.com/Diary/The-Royal-Families-In-The-by-Amelia-Gora-120117-95.html
http://hawaiiankingdomnews.blogspot.com/2015/11/premeditation-to-take-over-hawaii-by.html
Masons and Freemasons from Hawaii and Abroad were here on January 3, 1893:
Masons and Freemasons from Hawaii and Abroad were here on January 3, 1893:
Premeditation to Help Dethrone Queen Liliuokalani - January 3, 1893 - Masons/Freemasons from Hawaii and Abroad researched by Amelia Gora (2017 and earlie
1893 - U.S. President Grover Cleveland was re-elected to the Presidency. He succeeded Benjamin Harrison a former American Civil War Union General who was well aware of the plans to take over a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation.
Grover Cleveland | |
---|---|
22nd and 24th President of the United States | |
In office March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 | |
Vice President | Adlai Stevenson I |
Preceded by | Benjamin Harrison |
Succeeded by | William McKinley |
In office March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 | |
Vice President | Thomas A. Hendricks (1885) None (1885–1889) |
Preceded by | Chester A. Arthur |
Succeeded by | Benjamin Harrison |
28th Governor of New York | |
In office January 1, 1883 – January 6, 1885 | |
Lieutenant | David B. Hill |
Preceded by | Alonzo B. Cornell |
Succeeded by | David B. Hill |
34th Mayor of Buffalo | |
In office January 2, 1882 – November 20, 1882 | |
Preceded by | Alexander Brush |
Succeeded by | Marcus M. Drake |
17th Sheriff of Erie County, New York | |
In office 1871–1873 | |
Preceded by | Charles Darcy |
Succeeded by | John B. Weber |
Personal details | |
Born | Stephen Grover Cleveland March 18, 1837 Caldwell, New Jersey, U.S. |
Died | June 24, 1908 (aged 71) Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. |
Resting place | Princeton Cemetery, New Jersey |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse(s) |
Frances Folsom (m. 1886)
|
Children | 5, including Ruth ("Baby"), Esther, Richard |
Parents | Richard Falley Cleveland Ann Neal |
Relatives | Rose Cleveland (sister) Philippa Foot (granddaughter) |
Profession | |
Signature |
1894 - Mr. Clinton Furbish under U.S. President Cleveland's Administration - Secretary of State Department said that "the official records of the correspondence between the provisional government and the representatives of this country to show that the United States assisted the revolutionists, and urged that if this was proved it was only right that the status quo should be restored."
Reference:
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/04/21/109718377.pdf
Clinton Furbish, who is connected with the State Department at Washington, lectured before the Liberal Club, at 220 East Fifteenth Street, last evening, on "The Truth About Hawaii."
References:
*
*
*
Overview of "U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back Twice in 1894 and 1897 With Political Cartoons of the Period"
Overview of "U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back Twice in 1894 and 1897 With Political Cartoons of the Period"
Researched by Amelia Gora (2017)
The following is an important Overview of Why the Kingdom of Hawaii continues to exist and remains a legal Constitutional Monarchy in the Hawaiian archipelago today:
1893 - 'President's Policy of Restoring the Queen' - Several parts of this article points it out.
Text: "See-saw! Uncle Sam in Hawaii"
The evening world, November 14, 1893, BROOKLYN LAST EDITION, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.com/lccn/sn83030193/1893-11-14/ed-3/seq-1/
1894 -
1897 -
Text: "See-saw! Uncle Sam in Hawaii"
The evening world, November 14, 1893, BROOKLYN LAST EDITION, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.com/lccn/sn83030193/1893-11-14/ed-3/seq-1/
Uncle Sam gets first dibs on the "oyster sandwiches," or Hawaii, before Japan and other countries.
Text: "Uncle Sam--You fellows will please stand back while I try these oyster sandwiches myself."
The Saint Paul globe, June 17, 1897, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059523/1897-06-17/ed-1/s...
Uncle Sam catches the ripe apple that says "Hawaii" in his hat at the right time. In the background, John Bull, a personification of Britain, shakes his fist.
Text: "Uncle Sam Catches the Ripe Fruit"
The morning call, January 29, 1893, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94052989/1893-01-29/ed-1/s...
Found in Queen Liliuokalani's Files:
1894 - U.S. President Cleveland Gave Two Letters to Willis: (1) for Sanford B. Dole and (2) Instructions to Willis to Put Queen Liliuokalani Back on the Throne.
U.S. President Cleveland Again Gave Hawaii back to Queen Liliuokalani.
see: President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2JkZjMxMzEtMDIyNi00YW…
https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2JkZjMxMzEtMDIyNi00YW…
DISCUSSION
The article at the beginning shows discussions of Mr. Chandler, an attorney who was available to be interviewed and it sounds like a good argument; however, Lack of information by Mr. Chandler about the Premeditation efforts made prior to the planned dethronement of our Queen changes the whole discussion, changes the whole legal conclusion.
Under the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America, the issues of piracy, pillaging, theft, etc. is covered under Article XIV. Persons who moved to do such things were to be prosecuted, imprisoned, and the country who they came from would be contacted and that country would have to remove their citizens from the Kingdom of Hawaii's properties.
The persons involved in the Treaty of one of the most favored nations called the Kingdom of Hawaii/ Hawaiian Kingdom were only Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli, his heirs, and successors, and the U.S. President Zachary Taylor.
The Treaty was ratified by our Sovereign Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli in 1850. It was also ratified by the U.S. The Treaty was a contractual agreement between two recognized nations.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was in collusion and aware of the Premeditation efforts of pirate individuals who moved to dethrone our Queen Liliuokalani. His Vice-President Levi P. Morton was also in collusion because he was a banker who returned to his bank after not being re-elected. He was an expert in international bank transfers and then sold his bank to the J.P. Morgan bankers.
It appears that the Vice-President Levi P. Morton took part in the theft of Hawaiian monies and was an international pirate.
The U.S. was bankrupt because of the American Civil War of 1863-1865 costs. (England also lost large sums of monies due to investments in financing the American Civil War as well.)
The U.S. Gold was at an all time low.
Premeditation of assuming a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation has been documented.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was a former American Civil War Union Brigadier General.
Further explanations of the interviewed attorney Mr. Chandler also showed the following points:
Premeditation found.
Queen Liliuokalani and her people were under stress, duress, usurpation, coercion and confronted with an armed military made up of 162 armed men with gatling guns, etc.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii
Conspiracy shows persons guilty of crimes.
Reference: William Lee, Judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii, HAWAIIAN REPORTS (1851), Supreme Court/Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii
Piracy, pillaging, etc. documented.
Reference: see below
1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States is a permanent friendship and amity contract between two (2) solvent nations.
Note: In 1893, the U.S. was bankrupt.
The Provisional government was made up of the 1/3 part of the Hawaiian government who were treasonous persons. Their positions were temporary, voted in positions.
They were in "political possession of the Territory of Hawaii, all the government buildings, revenues, and the properties thereof".
They also obtained support from foreign representatives who were also under stress, duress, usurpation.
They were not the persons who signed into Treaties with the Kingdom of Hawaii,
All lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii are either alodio to only kanaka maoli or fee simple to aliens.
This means that the government buildings are part of the Alodio lands of the Royal Families.
A U,S. Representative asked to borrow monies from the Kingdom of Hawaii - Kalakaua's reign and was denied because it would take more than a thousand years to repay. The U.S. Representative intended to pay only an interest each year and he was denied.
The point of all of this is that U.S. President Cleveland did Give Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani in 1894 and 1897. Also, Premeditation, Conspiracy, Piracy Nulls and Voids all the wrongs that were done by the usurpers and the U.S. involvement in defending the pirates, pillagers, racketeers documented were illegal, and the pursuit of crimes by U.S. Presidents shows international piracies and the failure to adhere to their own U.S. Constitution from 1850.
Additionally, William Chang, Retired Professor of the John Burns Law School has also found that the claimed annexation was all lies. See: http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2015/09/APLPJ_16_2_Chang.pdf
Darkness over Hawaii: The Annexation Myth Is the Greatest Obstacle to Progress
Research incomplete.
aloha.
Additional References:
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/11/political-cartoons-...
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/09/counting-wrongs-or-...
COUNTING THE WRONGS........... or Problematic issues affecting the Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Today
Researched by Amelia Gora (2017)
The following is an important Overview of Why the Kingdom of Hawaii continues to exist and remains a legal Constitutional Monarchy in the Hawaiian archipelago today:
1893 - 'President's Policy of Restoring the Queen' - Several parts of this article points it out.
Text: "See-saw! Uncle Sam in Hawaii"
The evening world, November 14, 1893, BROOKLYN LAST EDITION, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.com/lccn/sn83030193/1893-11-14/ed-3/seq-1/
1894 -
CLEVELAND'S HAWAIIAN POLICY.
Question. Colonel, what do you think about Mr. Cleveland's Hawaiian policy?
Answer. I think it exceedingly laughable and a little dishonest —with the further fault that it is wholly unconstitutional. This is not a one-man Government, and while Liliuokalani may be Queen, Cleveland is certainly not a king. The worst thing about the whole matter, as it appears to me, is the bad faith that was shown by Mr. Cleveland—the double-dealing. He sent Mr. Willis as Minister to the Provisional Government and by that act admitted the existence, and the rightful existence, of the Provisional Government of the Sandwich Islands.
When Mr. Willis started he gave him two letters. One was addressed to Dole, President of the Provisional Government, in which he addressed Dole as "Great and good friend," and at the close, being a devout Christian, he asked "God to take care of Dole." This was the first letter. The letter of one President to another; of one friend to another. The second letter was addressed to Mr. Willis, in which Mr. Willis was told to upset Dole at the first opportunity and put the deposed Queen back on her throne. This may be diplomacy, but it is no kin to honesty.
In my judgment, it is the worst thing connected with the Hawaiian affair. What must "the great and good" Dole think of our great and good President? What must other nations think when they read the two letters and mentally exclaim, "Look upon this and then upon that?" I think Mr. Cleveland has acted arrogantly, foolishly, and unfairly. I am in favor of obtaining the Sandwich Islands—of course by fair means. I favor this policy because I want my country to become a power in the Pacific. All my life I have wanted this country to own the West Indies, the Bermudas, the Bahamas and Barbadoes. They are our islands. They belong to this continent, and for any other nation to take them or claim them was, and is, a piece of impertinence and impudence.
So I would like to see the Sandwich Islands annexed to the United States. They are a good way from San Francisco and our Western shore, but they are nearer to us than they are to any other nation. I think they would be of great importance. They would tend to increase the Asiatic trade, and they certainly would be important in case of war. We should have fortifications on those islands that no naval power could take.
Some objection has been made on the ground that under our system the people of those islands would have to be represented in Congress. I say yes, represented by a delegate until the islands become a real part of the country, and by that time, there would be several hundred thousand Americans living there, capable of sending over respectable members of Congress.
Now, I think that Mr. Cleveland has made a very great mistake. First, I think he was mistaken as to the facts in the Sandwich Islands; second, as to the Constitution of the United States, and thirdly, as to the powers of the President of the United States.
Question. In your experience as a lawyer what was the most unique case in which you were ever engaged?
Answer. The Star Route trial. Every paper in the country, but one, was against the defence, and that one was a little sheet owned by one of the defendants. I received a note from a man living in a little town in Ohio criticizing me for defending the accused. In reply I wrote that I supposed he was a sensible man and that he, of course, knew what he was talking about when he said the accused were guilty; that the Government needed just such men as he, and that he should come to the trial at once and testify. The man wrote back: "Dear Colonel: I am a —— fool."
Question. Will the church and the stage ever work together for the betterment of the world, and what is the province of each?
Answer. The church and stage will never work together. The pulpit pretends that fiction is fact. The stage pretends that fiction is fact. The pulpit pretence is dishonest—that of the stage is sincere. The actor is true to art, and honestly pretends to be what he is not. The actor is natural, if he is great, and in this naturalness is his truth and his sincerity. The pulpit is unnatural, and for that reason untrue. The pulpit is for another world, the stage for this. The stage is good because it is natural, because it portrays real and actual life; because "it holds the mirror up to nature." The pulpit is weak because it too often belittles and demeans this life; because it slanders and calumniates the natural and is the enemy of joy.
—The Inter-Ocean, Chicago, February 2, 1894."
1897 -
Thursday, November 16, 2017
Political Cartoons of the Hawaiian Kingdom/Kingdom of Hawaii
Text: "See-saw! Uncle Sam in Hawaii"
The evening world, November 14, 1893, BROOKLYN LAST EDITION, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.com/lccn/sn83030193/1893-11-14/ed-3/seq-1/
Uncle Sam gets first dibs on the "oyster sandwiches," or Hawaii, before Japan and other countries.
Text: "Uncle Sam--You fellows will please stand back while I try these oyster sandwiches myself."
The Saint Paul globe, June 17, 1897, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059523/1897-06-17/ed-1/s...
Uncle Sam catches the ripe apple that says "Hawaii" in his hat at the right time. In the background, John Bull, a personification of Britain, shakes his fist.
Text: "Uncle Sam Catches the Ripe Fruit"
The morning call, January 29, 1893, Image 1
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94052989/1893-01-29/ed-1/s...
Found in Queen Liliuokalani's Files:
1894 - U.S. President Cleveland Gave Two Letters to Willis: (1) for Sanford B. Dole and (2) Instructions to Willis to Put Queen Liliuokalani Back on the Throne.
SAYS GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS TRUSTS; Mr. Hitchcock Condemns System of Army and Navy Contracts. ARMOR PLATE AS EXAMPLE Beef Trust, Shipbuilding Trust, and Railroads Cited -- Bates Calls Cleveland a Receptive Candidate.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20. -- That the Federal Government, which is supposed to be after the trusts, is making large contracts with them and paying them the people's money, was charged by Representative Hitchcock (Dem., Neb.) in the course of a vigorous criticism of the army and navy expenditures in the House to-day.
see: President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2JkZjMxMzEtMDIyNi00YW…
https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2JkZjMxMzEtMDIyNi00YW…
DISCUSSION
The article at the beginning shows discussions of Mr. Chandler, an attorney who was available to be interviewed and it sounds like a good argument; however, Lack of information by Mr. Chandler about the Premeditation efforts made prior to the planned dethronement of our Queen changes the whole discussion, changes the whole legal conclusion.
Under the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America, the issues of piracy, pillaging, theft, etc. is covered under Article XIV. Persons who moved to do such things were to be prosecuted, imprisoned, and the country who they came from would be contacted and that country would have to remove their citizens from the Kingdom of Hawaii's properties.
The persons involved in the Treaty of one of the most favored nations called the Kingdom of Hawaii/ Hawaiian Kingdom were only Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli, his heirs, and successors, and the U.S. President Zachary Taylor.
The Treaty was ratified by our Sovereign Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli in 1850. It was also ratified by the U.S. The Treaty was a contractual agreement between two recognized nations.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was in collusion and aware of the Premeditation efforts of pirate individuals who moved to dethrone our Queen Liliuokalani. His Vice-President Levi P. Morton was also in collusion because he was a banker who returned to his bank after not being re-elected. He was an expert in international bank transfers and then sold his bank to the J.P. Morgan bankers.
It appears that the Vice-President Levi P. Morton took part in the theft of Hawaiian monies and was an international pirate.
The U.S. was bankrupt because of the American Civil War of 1863-1865 costs. (England also lost large sums of monies due to investments in financing the American Civil War as well.)
The U.S. Gold was at an all time low.
Premeditation of assuming a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation has been documented.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was a former American Civil War Union Brigadier General.
Benjamin Harrison | |
---|---|
Rank | Colonel Brevet Brigadier General |
Unit | Army of the Cumberland |
Commands | 70th Indiana Infantry Regiment 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XX Corps |
Battles/wars | American Civil War |
Levi P. Morton | |
---|---|
22nd Vice President of the United States | |
In office March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 | |
President | Benjamin Harrison |
Preceded by | Thomas A. Hendricks |
Succeeded by | Adlai E. Stevenson |
Further explanations of the interviewed attorney Mr. Chandler also showed the following points:
Premeditation found.
Queen Liliuokalani and her people were under stress, duress, usurpation, coercion and confronted with an armed military made up of 162 armed men with gatling guns, etc.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii
Conspiracy shows persons guilty of crimes.
Reference: William Lee, Judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii, HAWAIIAN REPORTS (1851), Supreme Court/Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii
Piracy, pillaging, etc. documented.
Reference: see below
1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States is a permanent friendship and amity contract between two (2) solvent nations.
Note: In 1893, the U.S. was bankrupt.
The Provisional government was made up of the 1/3 part of the Hawaiian government who were treasonous persons. Their positions were temporary, voted in positions.
They were in "political possession of the Territory of Hawaii, all the government buildings, revenues, and the properties thereof".
They also obtained support from foreign representatives who were also under stress, duress, usurpation.
They were not the persons who signed into Treaties with the Kingdom of Hawaii,
All lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii are either alodio to only kanaka maoli or fee simple to aliens.
This means that the government buildings are part of the Alodio lands of the Royal Families.
A U,S. Representative asked to borrow monies from the Kingdom of Hawaii - Kalakaua's reign and was denied because it would take more than a thousand years to repay. The U.S. Representative intended to pay only an interest each year and he was denied.
The point of all of this is that U.S. President Cleveland did Give Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani in 1894 and 1897. Also, Premeditation, Conspiracy, Piracy Nulls and Voids all the wrongs that were done by the usurpers and the U.S. involvement in defending the pirates, pillagers, racketeers documented were illegal, and the pursuit of crimes by U.S. Presidents shows international piracies and the failure to adhere to their own U.S. Constitution from 1850.
Additionally, William Chang, Retired Professor of the John Burns Law School has also found that the claimed annexation was all lies. See: http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2015/09/APLPJ_16_2_Chang.pdf
Darkness over Hawaii: The Annexation Myth Is the Greatest Obstacle to Progress
Research incomplete.
aloha.
Additional References:
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/11/political-cartoons-...
Political Cartoons of the Hawaiian Kingdom/Kingdom of Hawaii
U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani Twice(2x), With Legal and Researched Information Showing The Existence of the Kingdom of Hawaii
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/09/counting-wrongs-or-...
COUNTING THE WRONGS........... or Problematic issues affecting the Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Today
Amelia Gora-Kanaka Maoli Truth : Vol VI No. 618 Legal Notice: 804 ...
amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2016/10/vol-vi-no-618-legal-notice-804-pirates.html
Oct 2, 2016 - 618 Legal Notice: 804 Pirates, Pillagers,etc. ... the 31st Judicial Tribunal Meeting/Session,Article found showing U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani from Amelia Gora, a Royal person, Landlord, ...Amelia Gora-Kanaka Maoli Truth
amelia-gora.blogspot.com/
Jul 14, 2017 - The following article shows the bankrupt status of the United States: ... Reference: http://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2016/10/the-truth-about-our-queen-l. ..... Piracy, Pillaging, etc. is documented in the 1849/1850 Treaty of the ...Amelia Gora-Kanaka Maoli Truth : IMPORTANT: Keep for Your ...
amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2011/.../important-keep-for-your-records-updated_4984.ht...
Nov 3, 2011 - According to the article PARADISE IN THE PACIFIC : * this article shows that the ... Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 7, 2010 at 9:54am .... 5,000 Americans and their paid off supporters - see PIRATES OF THE ...IOLANI - The Royal Hawk: Some of the Best Articles by Amelia Gora
iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2016/09/some-of-best-articles-by-amelia-gora.html
Sep 24, 2016 - Keep for the Records with other articles - Amelia Gora-Kanaka Maoli . ... A pirates life for me Watching Pirates, Parasites, etc. in the Hawaiian ...THE DARK FORCES OF THE ONE WORLD ORDER EXPOSED or ...
maoliworld.com/.../the-dark-forces-of-the-one-world-order-exposed-or-the-pirates-of
Sep 22, 2017 - News from the Hawaiian Kingdom: Brief Pirate History In The . ... 7) I, Amelia Gora did find the article showing that U.S. President Cleveland .Articles - Author's Page for Amelia Gora | OpEdNews
Articles - Author's Page for Amelia Gora - Opednews.com Progressive, Liberal ... Identity theft,Piracy(ies) are the reasons behind the criminal assumption of our ...
Diary: PIRATES IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS - MORE EVIDENCE ...
Jul 6, 2011 - More Evidence of Piracy(ies), Racketeering has been found; ... For the public records, I,Amelia Gora am the Acting Liaison of .... See article "Arrests for Treason in Hawaii" in THE NEW YORK TIMES, published June 1, 1892.
News from the Hawaiian Kingdom: Links to Articles by Amelia Gora ...
hawaiiankingdomnews.blogspot.com/2015/.../links-to-articles-by-amelia-gora-and.ht...
Oct 2, 2015 - Links to Articles by Amelia Gora and others ... More on the Fake State/the Illegal Occupiers/the Pirates/Pillagers Attempting to Validate Their ...Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Introduction Notice 2016- 0825 ...
theiolani.blogspot.com/2016/08/kingdom-of-hawaiihawaiian-kingdom.html
Aug 25, 2016 - My name is Amelia Gora, the Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs of the ... United States of America, article XIV applicable to pirates, pillagers, etc.2010/03/06-Limited Appearance Statement from Amelia Gora on LB ...
Mar 6, 2010 - from Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs, Amelia Gora ... with the help of pirates, racketeers, bankers, sugar planters, American businessmen, .... Noted by author of the NEW YORK TIMES article, "The Story of a Crime": 3 ...
*
United States Secretary of State John W. Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy
or
JOHN W. FOSTER: LOADS OF LIES OUT OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."[
or
JOHN W. FOSTER: LOADS OF LIES OUT OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."[
Sunday, November 4, 2018
United States Secretary of State John W. Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy
United States Secretary of State John W. Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy
or
JOHN W. FOSTER: LOADS OF LIES OUT OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."[
Review by Amelia Gora (2018)
The following article shows Loads of Lies, Premeditation Evidence of the United States Secretary of State who did actively play a role in taking over a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation.
Failure to follow the rule of law and the U.S. Constitution is documented.
Appears that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, U.S. President Grover Cleveland, U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and U.S. President Donald Trump moved to follow the rule of law and the U.S. Constitution.
The other U.S. Presidents did engage in the FAIL to follow rule of law and the U.S. Constitution and subject to charges of treason by the American people, other nations including the Royal Families of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
DISCUSSION
Problematic History Invented to Defraud the Kamehameha's, Kanaka Maoli by Pirates from the U.S.:
Notice the history that was used to indoctrinate all about the kanaka maoli:
* Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli gave "fee simple" to his people.
The truth is that he gave alodio/allodial titles to his people and to aliens/foreigners he gave "fee simple" or less than 30 year leases. Aliens/foreigners can Never own alodio/allodial titles.
See Kamehameha III's speech of 1851:
*the last of the Kamehameha's" was promoted by the usurpers such as Sanford B. Dole in his 1873 news article and Foster perpetuated the lies in this article.
See: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/01/vol-vi-no-686-special-posting-125-years.html
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/02/ten-10-legal-issues-of-kingdom-of.html
The truth is that many Kamehameha's exists today. Kamehameha had 20+ children.
See: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/08/kamehamehas-20-children-documented-some.html
Ridiculing about the passages of the Opium acts by King David Kalakaua and Queen Liliuokalani.
What was not conveyed is that Bernice Pauahi Bishop was given opium to relieve her cancer pain.
Reference: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/07/bernice-pauahi-bishop-and-her-opium-use.html
https://www.opednews.com/Diary/The-Royal-Families-In-The-by-Amelia-Gora-120117-95.html
There are many other issues in this article.
Discussion by many groups, kanaka maoli can be made, reviewed, and shared for many to discuss, etc.
Background of Foster who helped to direct the usurpation of Queen Liliuokalani:
Jump to navigationJump to search
John Watson Foster (March 2, 1836 – November 15, 1917) was an American diplomat and military officer, as well as a lawyer and journalist. His highest public office was U.S. Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison, although he also proved influential as a lawyer in technically private practice in the international relations sphere.
In 1861, Foster volunteered in the Union Army in the American Civil War.[1] Initially commissioned as a major, he rose to the rank of colonel, serving with the 25th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, the 65th Indiana Volunteer Mounted Infantry and the 136th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Foster's troops became the first to enter Knoxville, Tennessee after the successful campaign by General Ambrose Burnside.
Foster was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States - a military society of officers who had served in the Union armed forces during the Civil War.
After the war, Foster returned to Indiana and (in addition to his legal practice) edited the Evansville Daily Journal. He used the paper to promote the Republican Party from 1865 to 1869.
In Benjamin Harrison's administration, Foster served as a State Department "trouble shooter" before becoming Secretary of State for the final six months of Harrison's term (from June 29, 1892, to February 23, 1893). As such, Foster replaced James Gillespie Blaine, who had succumbed to Bright's disease, of which he later died. As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."[2]:11
After leaving public office, Foster remained in Washington and invented a new type of legal practice, lobbying for large "corporations seeking favors in Washington and chances to expand abroad."[2]:12 Foster also used his government and political contacts to secure legal fees as counsel to several foreign legations. He also continued to serve Presidents part-time on diplomatic missions. As such, Foster negotiated trade agreements with eight countries, brokered a treaty with Britain and Russia concerning seal hunting in the Bering Sea, and negotiated the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895 (technically as legal consultant and commissioner for the Qing Dynasty in which China recognized Korean independence as well as ceded Taiwan to the victorious Japanese after the First Sino-Japanese War.[2]:12[3]
In 1903, Foster published American diplomacy in the Orient, followed in 1904 by Arbitration and the Hague Court. In 1906, he wrote The practice of diplomacy as illustrated in the foreign relations of the United States.[4] These are among the many books written by John Watson Foster.
or
JOHN W. FOSTER: LOADS OF LIES OUT OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."[
Review by Amelia Gora (2018)
The following article shows Loads of Lies, Premeditation Evidence of the United States Secretary of State who did actively play a role in taking over a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation.
Failure to follow the rule of law and the U.S. Constitution is documented.
Appears that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, U.S. President Grover Cleveland, U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and U.S. President Donald Trump moved to follow the rule of law and the U.S. Constitution.
The other U.S. Presidents did engage in the FAIL to follow rule of law and the U.S. Constitution and subject to charges of treason by the American people, other nations including the Royal Families of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
DISCUSSION
Problematic History Invented to Defraud the Kamehameha's, Kanaka Maoli by Pirates from the U.S.:
Notice the history that was used to indoctrinate all about the kanaka maoli:
* Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli gave "fee simple" to his people.
The truth is that he gave alodio/allodial titles to his people and to aliens/foreigners he gave "fee simple" or less than 30 year leases. Aliens/foreigners can Never own alodio/allodial titles.
See Kamehameha III's speech of 1851:
*the last of the Kamehameha's" was promoted by the usurpers such as Sanford B. Dole in his 1873 news article and Foster perpetuated the lies in this article.
See: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/01/vol-vi-no-686-special-posting-125-years.html
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/02/ten-10-legal-issues-of-kingdom-of.html
The truth is that many Kamehameha's exists today. Kamehameha had 20+ children.
See: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/08/kamehamehas-20-children-documented-some.html
Ridiculing about the passages of the Opium acts by King David Kalakaua and Queen Liliuokalani.
What was not conveyed is that Bernice Pauahi Bishop was given opium to relieve her cancer pain.
Reference: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/07/bernice-pauahi-bishop-and-her-opium-use.html
https://www.opednews.com/Diary/The-Royal-Families-In-The-by-Amelia-Gora-120117-95.html
There are many other issues in this article.
Discussion by many groups, kanaka maoli can be made, reviewed, and shared for many to discuss, etc.
Background of Foster who helped to direct the usurpation of Queen Liliuokalani:
John W. Foster
John Foster | |
---|---|
32nd United States Secretary of State | |
In office June 29, 1892 – February 23, 1893 | |
President | Benjamin Harrison |
Preceded by | James G. Blaine |
Succeeded by | Walter Q. Gresham |
United States Minister to Spain | |
In office June 16, 1883 – August 28, 1885 | |
President | Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland |
Preceded by | Hannibal Hamlin |
Succeeded by | Jabez Curry |
United States Minister to Russia | |
In office June 11, 1880 – August 1, 1881 | |
President | Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield |
Preceded by | Edwin W. Stoughton |
Succeeded by | William H. Hunt |
United States Minister to Mexico | |
In office June 16, 1873 – March 2, 1880 | |
President | Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes |
Preceded by | Thomas H. Nelson |
Succeeded by | Philip H. Morgan |
Personal details | |
Born | John Watson Foster March 2, 1836 Petersburg, Indiana, U.S. |
Died | November 15, 1917 (aged 81) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) | Mary Parke McFerson (1859–1917) |
Children | 2 |
Education | Indiana University, Bloomington (BA) Harvard University |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States • Union |
Service/branch | United States Army • Union Army |
Years of service | 1861–1865 |
Rank | Colonel |
Battles/wars | American Civil War |
Contents
Early life[edit]
Foster was born on March 2, 1836, in Petersburg, Indiana, and raised in Evansville, Indiana. He was the son of Matthew Watson, an Indiana farmer, and the former Eleanor Foster (née Johnson). He graduated from the fledgling Indiana University in 1855, but decided not to become a preacher as his parents hoped. Instead, Foster attended Harvard Law School, then moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to begin his legal career.In 1861, Foster volunteered in the Union Army in the American Civil War.[1] Initially commissioned as a major, he rose to the rank of colonel, serving with the 25th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, the 65th Indiana Volunteer Mounted Infantry and the 136th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Foster's troops became the first to enter Knoxville, Tennessee after the successful campaign by General Ambrose Burnside.
Foster was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States - a military society of officers who had served in the Union armed forces during the Civil War.
After the war, Foster returned to Indiana and (in addition to his legal practice) edited the Evansville Daily Journal. He used the paper to promote the Republican Party from 1865 to 1869.
Washington career[edit]
Foster moved to Washington, D.C. under Republican President Ulysses S. Grant, as well as had a summer home in Watertown, New York. As a reward for his political service after the Republican Party split in 1872 as a result of scandals and rampant corruption in Grant's first administration (which even reached Vice President Schuyler Colfax and which had caused reformers to nominate Horace Greeley in futile opposition to Grant's second term), successive Republican Presidents Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes and James A. Garfield appointed Foster the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico (1873–1880), then to Russia (1880–1881). President Chester A. Arthur made Foster the United States Ambassador to Spain (1883–1885).In Benjamin Harrison's administration, Foster served as a State Department "trouble shooter" before becoming Secretary of State for the final six months of Harrison's term (from June 29, 1892, to February 23, 1893). As such, Foster replaced James Gillespie Blaine, who had succumbed to Bright's disease, of which he later died. As Secretary of State, Foster "helped direct the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy."[2]:11
After leaving public office, Foster remained in Washington and invented a new type of legal practice, lobbying for large "corporations seeking favors in Washington and chances to expand abroad."[2]:12 Foster also used his government and political contacts to secure legal fees as counsel to several foreign legations. He also continued to serve Presidents part-time on diplomatic missions. As such, Foster negotiated trade agreements with eight countries, brokered a treaty with Britain and Russia concerning seal hunting in the Bering Sea, and negotiated the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895 (technically as legal consultant and commissioner for the Qing Dynasty in which China recognized Korean independence as well as ceded Taiwan to the victorious Japanese after the First Sino-Japanese War.[2]:12[3]
In 1903, Foster published American diplomacy in the Orient, followed in 1904 by Arbitration and the Hague Court. In 1906, he wrote The practice of diplomacy as illustrated in the foreign relations of the United States.[4] These are among the many books written by John Watson Foster.
Family[edit]
Three of Foster's children never reached adulthood. Foster sent his son to Princeton. Foster doted on his daughters' grandchildren, regaling them with tales of life on the frontier as well as in foreign lands (of which he retained many curios). His daughter Edith Foster married Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles, and their children included John Foster Dulles (who also became a U.S. Secretary of State) and Allen Welsh Dulles, (Director of Central Intelligence). Foster's daughter Eleanor married State Department legal advisor Robert Lansing (who later also served as U.S. Secretary of State); their niece Eleanor Lansing Dulles became an economist and diplomat.[1] Foster is also the great-grandfather of the noted Catholic convert and theologian Cardinal Avery Dulles.Death and legacy[edit]
Foster died in Washington, D.C. on November 15, 1917. His body was returned to Evansville, Indiana, where it remains in Oak Hill Cemetery, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for Vanderburgh County.Wikisource has original works written by or about: John W. Foster |
See also[edit]
- Devine, Michael (1981). John W. Foster: Politics and Diplomacy in the Imperial Era, 1837–1917. London: The Ohio University Press. ISBN 0-8214-0437-7.
References[edit]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John Watson Foster". U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Kinzer, Steven (2013). The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War. Times Books.
- Jump up ^ "John W. Foster". Internet Accuracy Project. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- Jump up ^ Foster, John Watson (1906). The practice of diplomacy as illustrated in the foreign relations of the United States. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
SUMMARY
A review of the good, the bad, and ugly is shown in this article.
Foster was noted in the article:
1882 - Article in the FRIEND, January 1:
"Yale College Runs the Government"
".... Judd and McCully are on the Supreme Bench; Baldwin a Superintendent of Schools; Armstrong, is Attorney General and Minister of the Interior, Alexander at the head of the survey, and Bingham is Superintendent of Micronesians."......two recent arrivals named S.C. Gale Esq. from Minneapolis and W. Foster Esq., from San Francisco were Yale Graduates.....both lawyers..."What does this indicate? Has "Yale" any secret designs on the Islands of the Pacific?"
See: https://www.opednews.com/Diary/The-Royal-Families-In-The-by-Amelia-Gora-120117-95.html
These articles exposes the fact that the Hawaiian Kingdom was one of the nations targeted and can definitely be added to the False Flag operation along with the 53 other nations affected by the United States, etc..
Reference: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/08/false-flag-operations-documented.html
FALSE FLAG OPERATIONS DOCUMENTED - Nations Involved are Welcomed to Visit with our Royal Families
From the Office of Foreign Relations/Affairs - Kingdom of Hawaii
Greetings,
The following important article shows False Flag Operations/Attacks documented. It appears that the Kingdom of Hawaii must also be listed and added to the article documented below due to the tremendous amount of evidence found in research.
53 ADMITTED False Flag Attacks
http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2015/02/x-admitted-false-flag-attacks.html
Not Theory … Admitted Fact
There are many documented false flag attacks, where a government carries out a terror attack … and then falsely blames its enemy for political purposes.
In the following 53 instances, officials in the government which carried out the attack (or seriously proposed an attack) admits to it, either orally or in writing:
(1) Japanese troops set off a small explosion on a train track in 1931, and falsely blamed it on China in order to justify an invasion of Manchuria. This is known as the “Mukden Incident” or the “Manchurian Incident”. The Tokyo International Military Tribunal found: “Several of the participators in the plan, including Hashimoto [a high-ranking Japanese army officer], have on various occasions admitted their part in the plot and have stated that the object of the ‘Incident’ was to afford an excuse for the occupation of Manchuria by the Kwantung Army ….” And see this.
(2) A major with the Nazi SS admitted at the Nuremberg trials that – under orders from the chief of the Gestapo – he and some other Nazi operatives faked attacks on their own people and resources which they blamed on the Poles, to justify the invasion of Poland.
(3) Nazi general Franz Halder also testified at the Nuremberg trials that Nazi leader Hermann Goering admitted to setting fire to the German parliament building in 1933, and then falsely blaming the communists for the arson.
(4) Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev admitted in writing that the Soviet Union’s Red Army shelled the Russian village of Mainila in 1939 – while blaming the attack on Finland – as a basis for launching the “Winter War” against Finland. Russian president Boris Yeltsin agreed that Russia had been the aggressor in the Winter War.
(5) The Russian Parliament, current Russian president Putin and former Soviet leader Gorbachev all admit that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered his secret police to execute 22,000 Polish army officers and civilians in 1940, and falsely blame it on the Nazis.
(6) The British government admits that – between 1946 and 1948 – it bombed 5 ships carrying Jews attempting to flee the Holocaust to seek safety in Palestine, set up a fake group called “Defenders of Arab Palestine”, and then had the psuedo-group falsely claim responsibility for the bombings (and see this, thisand this).
(7) Israel admits that in 1954, an Israeli terrorist cell operating in Egypt planted bombs in several buildings, including U.S. diplomatic facilities, then left behind “evidence” implicating the Arabs as the culprits (one of the bombs detonated prematurely, allowing the Egyptians to identify the bombers, and several of the Israelis later confessed) (and see this and this).
(8) The CIA admits that it hired Iranians in the 1950′s to pose as Communists and stage bombings in Iran in order to turn the country against its democratically-elected prime minister.
(9) The Turkish Prime Minister admitted that the Turkish government carried out the 1955 bombing on a Turkish consulate in Greece – also damaging the nearby birthplace of the founder of modern Turkey – and blamed it on Greece, for the purpose of inciting and justifying anti-Greek violence.
(10) The British Prime Minister admitted to his defense secretary that he and American president Dwight Eisenhower approved a plan in 1957 to carry out attacks in Syria and blame it on the Syrian government as a way to effect regime change.
(11-21) The former Italian Prime Minister, an Italian judge, and the former head of Italian counterintelligence admit that NATO, with the help of the Pentagon and CIA, carried out terror bombings in Italy and other European countries in the 1950s and blamed the communists, in order to rally people’s support for their governments in Europe in their fight against communism. As one participant in this formerly-secret program stated: “You had to attack civilians, people, women, children, innocent people, unknown people far removed from any political game. The reason was quite simple. They were supposed to force these people, the Italian public, to turn to the state to ask for greater security” (and see this) (Italy and other European countries subject to the terror campaign had joined NATO before the bombings occurred). And watch this BBC special. They also allegedly carried out terror attacks in France, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the UK, and other countries. False flag attacks carried out pursuant tho this program include – by way of example only – the murder of the Turkish Prime Minister (1960), bombings in Portugal (1966), the Piazza Fontana massacre in Italy (1969), terror attacks in Turkey (1971), the Peteano bombing in Italy (1972), shootings in Brescia, Italy and a bombing on an Italian train (1974), shootings in Istanbul, Turkey (1977), the Atocha massacre in Madrid, Spain (1977), the abduction and murder of the Italian Prime Minister (1978), the bombing of the Bologna railway station in Italy (1980), and shooting and killing 28 shoppers in Brabant county, Belgium (1985).
(22) In 1960, American Senator George Smathers suggested that the U.S. launch “a false attack made on Guantanamo Bay which would give us the excuse of actually fomenting a fight which would then give us the excuse to go in and [overthrow Castro]“.
(23) Official State Department documents show that, in 1961, the head of the Joint Chiefs and other high-level officials discussed blowing up a consulate in the Dominican Republic in order to justify an invasion of that country. The plans were not carried out, but they were all discussed as serious proposals.
(24) As admitted by the U.S. government, recently declassified documents show that in 1962, the American Joint Chiefs of Staff signed off on a plan to blow up AMERICAN airplanes (using an elaborate plan involving the switching of airplanes), and also to commit terrorist acts on American soil, and then to blame it on the Cubans in order to justify an invasion of Cuba. See the following ABC news report; the official documents; and watch this interview with the former Washington Investigative Producer for ABC’s World News Tonight with Peter Jennings.
(25) In 1963, the U.S. Department of Defense wrote a paper promoting attacks on nations within the Organization of American States – such as Trinidad-Tobago or Jamaica – and then falsely blaming them on Cuba.
(26) The U.S. Department of Defense even suggested covertly paying a person in the Castro government to attack the United States: “The only area remaining for consideration then would be to bribe one of Castro’s subordinate commanders to initiate an attack on Guantanamo.”
(27) The NSA admits that it lied about what really happened in the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964 … manipulating data to make it look like North Vietnamese boats fired on a U.S. ship so as to create a false justification for the Vietnam war.
(28) A U.S. Congressional committee admitted that – as part of its “Cointelpro” campaign – the FBI had used many provocateurs in the 1950s through 1970s to carry out violent acts and falsely blame them on political activists.
(29) A top Turkish general admitted that Turkish forces burned down a mosque on Cyprus in the 1970s and blamed it on their enemy. He explained: “In Special War, certain acts of sabotage are staged and blamed on the enemy to increase public resistance. We did this on Cyprus; we even burnt down a mosque.” In response to the surprised correspondent’s incredulous look the general said, “I am giving an example”.
(30) The German government admitted (and see this) that, in 1978, the German secret service detonated a bomb in the outer wall of a prison and planted “escape tools” on a prisoner – a member of the Red Army Faction – which the secret service wished to frame the bombing on.
(31) A Mossad agent admits that, in 1984, Mossad planted a radio transmitter in Gaddaffi’s compound in Tripoli, Libya which broadcast fake terrorist trasmissions recorded by Mossad, in order to frame Gaddaffi as a terrorist supporter. Ronald Reagan bombed Libya immediately thereafter.
(32) The South African Truth and Reconciliation Council found that, in 1989, the Civil Cooperation Bureau (a covert branch of the South African Defense Force) approached an explosives expert and asked him “to participate in an operation aimed at discrediting the ANC [the African National Congress] by bombing the police vehicle of the investigating officer into the murder incident”, thus framing the ANC for the bombing.
(33) An Algerian diplomat and several officers in the Algerian army admit that, in the 1990s, the Algerian army frequently massacred Algerian civilians and then blamed Islamic militants for the killings (and see this video; and Agence France-Presse, 9/27/2002, French Court Dismisses Algerian Defamation Suit Against Author).
(34) The United States Army’s 1994 publication Special Forces Foreign Internal Defense Tactics Techniques and Procedures for Special Forces – updated in 2004 – recommends employing terrorists and using false flag operations to destabilize leftist regimes in Latin America. False flag terrorist attacks were carried out in Latin America and other regions as part of the CIA’s “Dirty Wars“. And see this.
(35) An Indonesian fact-finding team investigated violent riots which occurred in 1998, and determined that “elements of the military had been involved in the riots, some of which were deliberately provoked”.
(36) Senior Russian Senior military and intelligence officers admit that the KGB blew up Russian apartment buildings in 1999 and falsely blamed it on Chechens, in order to justify an invasion of Chechnya (and see this report and this discussion).
(37) According to the Washington Post, Indonesian police admit that the Indonesian military killed American teachers in Papua in 2002 and blamed the murders on a Papuan separatist group in order to get that group listed as a terrorist organization.
(38) The well-respected former Indonesian president also admits that the government probably had a role in the Bali bombings.
(39) As reported by BBC, the New York Times, and Associated Press, Macedonian officials admit that the government murdered 7 innocent immigrants in cold blood and pretended that they were Al Qaeda soldiers attempting to assassinate Macedonian police, in order to join the “war on terror”.
(40) Senior police officials in Genoa, Italy admitted that – in July 2001, at the G8 summit in Genoa – planted two Molotov cocktails and faked the stabbing of a police officer, in order to justify a violent crackdown against protesters.
(41) The U.S. falsely blamed Iraq for playing a role in the 9/11 attacks – as shown by a memo from the defense secretary – as one of the main justifications for launching the Iraq war. Even after the 9/11 Commission admitted that there was no connection, Dick Cheney said that the evidence is “overwhelming” that al Qaeda had a relationship with Saddam Hussein’s regime, that Cheney “probably” had information unavailable to the Commission, and that the media was not ‘doing their homework’ in reporting such ties. Top U.S. government officials now admit that the Iraq war was really launched for oil … not 9/11 or weapons of mass destruction. Despite previous “lone wolf” claims, many U.S. government officials now say that 9/11 was state-sponsored terror; but Iraq was not the state which backed the hijackers. (Many U.S. officials have alleged that 9/11 was a false flag operation by rogue elements of the U.S. government.).
(42) Although the FBI now admits that the 2001 anthrax attacks were carried out by one or more U.S. government scientists, a senior FBI official says that the FBI was actually told to blame the Anthrax attacks on Al Qaeda by White House officials (remember what the anthrax letters looked like). Government officials also confirm that the white House tried to link the anthrax to Iraq as a justification for regime change in that country.
(43) Former Department of Justice lawyer John Yoo suggested in 2005 that the US should go on the offensive against al-Qaeda, having “our intelligence agencies create a false terrorist organization. It could have its own websites, recruitment centers, training camps, and fundraising operations. It could launch fake terrorist operations and claim credit for real terrorist strikes, helping to sow confusion within al-Qaeda’s ranks, causing operatives to doubt others’ identities and to question the validity of communications.”
(44) United Press International reported in June 2005:
U.S. intelligence officers are reporting that some of the insurgents in Iraq are using recent-model Beretta 92 pistols, but the pistols seem to have had their serial numbers erased. The numbers do not appear to have been physically removed; the pistols seem to have come off a production line without any serial numbers. Analysts suggest the lack of serial numbers indicates that the weapons were intended for intelligence operations or terrorist cells with substantial government backing. Analysts speculate that these guns are probably from either Mossad or the CIA. Analysts speculate that agent provocateurs may be using the untraceable weapons even as U.S. authorities use insurgent attacks against civilians as evidence of the illegitimacy of the resistance.
(45) Undercover Israeli soldiers admitted in 2005 to throwing stones at other Israeli soldiers so they could blame it on Palestinians, as an excuse to crack down on peaceful protests by the Palestinians.
(46) Quebec police admitted that, in 2007, thugs carrying rocks to a peaceful protest were actually undercover Quebec police officers (and see this).
(47) At the G20 protests in London in 2009, a British member of parliament saw plain clothes police officers attempting to incite the crowd to violence.
(48) Egyptian politicians admitted (and see this) that government employees looted priceless museum artifacts in 2011 to try to discredit the protesters.
(49) A Colombian army colonel has admitted that his unit murdered 57 civilians, then dressed them in uniforms and claimed they were rebels killed in combat.
(50) The highly-respected writer for the Telegraph Ambrose Evans-Pritchard says that the head of Saudi intelligence – Prince Bandar – recently admitted that the Saudi government controls “Chechen” terrorists.
(51) High-level American sources admitted that the Turkish government – a fellow NATO country – carried out the chemical weapons attacks blamed on the Syrian government; and high-ranking Turkish government admitted on tape plans to carry out attacks and blame it on the Syrian government.
(52) The former Ukrainian security chief admits that the sniper attacks which started the Ukrainian coup were carried out in order to frame others.
(53) Britain’s spy agency has admitted (and see this) that it carries out “digital false flag” attacks on targets, framing people by writing offensive or unlawful material … and blaming it on the target.
So Common … There’s a Name for It
The use of the bully’s trick is so common that it was given a name hundreds of years ago.
“False flag terrorism” is defined as a government attacking its own people, then blaming others in order to justify going to war against the people it blames. Or as Wikipedia defines it:
False flag operations are covert operations conducted by governments, corporations, or other organizations, which are designed to appear as if they are being carried out by other entities. The name is derived from the military concept of flying false colors; that is, flying the flag of a country other than one’s own. False flag operations are not limited to war and counter-insurgency operations, and have been used in peace-time; for example, during Italy’s strategy of tension.
The term comes from the old days of wooden ships, when one ship would hang the flag of its enemy before attacking another ship. Because the enemy’s flag, instead of the flag of the real country of the attacking ship, was hung, it was called a “false flag” attack.
Indeed, this concept is so well-accepted that rules of engagement for naval, air and land warfare all prohibit false flag attacks.
Leaders Throughout History Have Acknowledged False Flags
“A history of false flag attacks used to manipulate the minds of the people! “In individuals, insanity is rare; but in groups, parties, nations, and epochs it is the rule.”
― Friedrich Nietzsche“Terrorism is the best political weapon for nothing drives people harder than a fear of sudden death”.
– Adolph Hitler“Why of course the people don’t want war … But after all it is the leaders of the country who determine the policy, and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, whether it is a democracy, or a fascist dictatorship, or a parliament, or a communist dictatorship … Voice or no voice, the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is to tell them they are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same in any country.”
– Hermann Goering, Nazi leader.“The easiest way to gain control of a population is to carry out acts of terror. [The public] will clamor for such laws if their personal security is threatened”.
– Josef Stalin
Failure to follow rule of law and the U.S. Constitution reveals the real pirates.
Many even today fear those who reveal the truth and follow rule of law, and the U.S. Constitution because they, including Congressmen and women can be charged with treason, etc.
see: John Nelson's article https://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/11/remembering-queen-liliuokalani-and-her.html
Something stinks and I know it's not me!
aloha.
p.s. United Nations Dr. deZayas letter says it well:
Dr. deZayas’ Memorandum in its entirety, which can be downloaded in PDF format.
His memorandum also serves as an amendment to the 2013 Report correcting the legal status of Hawai‘i as an occupied State and not an issue of self-determination for an indigenous group of people. In line with this change, Article 69(e) of his recommendations is more appropriate, “States should ratify the individual complaints procedures of the United Nations human rights treaties, adhere to and utilize the inter-State complaints procedures, and globalize the reach of the International Criminal Court.”
Dr. deZayas’ Memorandum was sent by the Swiss Postal service, La Poste, in Geneva, to the United States President, the Secretary of State, the State of Hawai‘i Attorney General, a State of Hawai‘i Judge Gary W.B. Chang of the Land Court, and State of Hawai‘i Judge Jeanette H. Castagnette of the First Circuit. Mrs. Bolomet is a defendant in a case before both Judge Chang and Judge Castagnetti.
references:
Hawaiian Kingdom: Important Historical Events - Keep for ...
Hawaiian Kingdom: Jail Time for a Lot of People - Evidence ...
Amelia Gora-Kanaka Maoli Truth : Legal Notice - Protective ...
Empowering Our Poe Project 6 - New World Order/One World ...
Why the Bishop Estates, Liliuokalani Trust, etc. Campbell ...
The Royal Families in the Hawaiian Islands by Amelia Gora ...
Amelia Gora-Kanaka Maoli Truth : Legal Notice No. 2016 ...
Our Hawaiian Government Legally Exists - News from the ...
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln - Links to Hawaii through ...
Article: Hawaiian History - Premeditation Issues: The ...
https://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2018/11/queen-liliuokalani-justice-demands.html
Vol VII No. 727 - Special Posting: Queen Liliuokalani, "Justice demands the restoration of the status quo in Hawaii" also Hawaii was Returned
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Hawaii was returned by U.S. President Cleveland; the Provisional Government were informed that they had no right to exist.
aloha.
Conspirator's in Collusion or Parties to the Crimes in Hawaii Against Queen Liliuokalani or A Judge and Attorney With Friends Planned Against Our Queen
Conspirator's in Collusion or Parties to the Crimes in Hawaii Against Queen Liliuokalani or A Judge and Attorney With Friends Planned Against Our Queen
Reviewed by Amelia Gora (2017)
Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell
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Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell
Birthdate:
June 11, 1836 (76)
Birthplace:
Dedham, Norfolk, MA, USA
Death:
August 30, 1912 (76)
Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, USA
Place of Burial:
Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States
Immediate Family:
Husband of Charlotte Elizabeth L Hartwell
Father of Charles Atherton Hartwell
Managed by:
Nancy D. Coon
Last Updated:
October 17, 2016
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Immediate Family
Charlotte Elizabeth L Hartwell
wife
Charles Atherton Hartwell
son
About Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell
Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General. After graduating from Harvard University in 1858, Hartwell became a tutor at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. When the Civil War began, he joined the 3rd Missouri Reserve Regiment and fought for the surrender of the pro-Confederate Camp Jackson. After relative peace was established in St. Louis in June of 1861, he returned to Massachusetts and began his studies at Harvard Law School. In September of 1862, he received a commission as a first lieutenant in the 44th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He saw action in Goldsboro and Kingston, North Carolina. On January 26, 1863, Governor John Albion Andrew received permission to begin recruitment of African-Americans to man regiments of volunteer infantry. The "United States Colored Troops" were to be commanded by white officers. Initially, Hartwell was commissioned as senior captain of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Because of excessive enlistments, a second regiment, the 55th, was formed and Hartwell was made its lieutenant colonel. On July 21, they embarked for New Bern, North Carolina. With the news of losses suffered by Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the 55th was ordered to Folly Island, South Carolina where they set up a base camp. The commanding officer, Norwood P. Hallowell was forced to resign in the fall of 1863 because of an injury; and Hartwell was elevated to colonelcy of the 55th. The issue of equal pay with white troops consumed much of Hartwell's time. He also advocated for the promotion of qualified African-American men to higher rank. On October 7, 1864, the pay issue was finally resolved to the satisfaction of the men. At the end of November of 1864, the 55th was sent on an expedition down the Broad River to destroy the railroad at Grahamville, South Carolina. On November 30th, they came upon a large Confederate earthwork fort hidden in the trees at Homey Hill. Hartwell led three separate charges in an attempt to take the fort. He was wounded three times and had his horse blown out from under him. He was removed from the field, treated, and sent home to recuperate. On December 30, 1864, he was breveted brigadier general "for gallant services at the Battle of Honey Hill." He rejoined his regiment in January of 1865 and served for the remainder of the war trying to keep central South Carolina secure. After the war, Hartwell returned to Massachusetts and practiced law. In 1868, he was offered and accepted the position of First Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii by King Kamehameha V. In 1874, he was asked to serve as King Kalakaua's Attorney General. He reluctantly agreed, but resigned after one year to resume the practice of law. In Hawaii, he served on a number of boards and commissions. He served as editor of the Hawaiian Gazette, member of the Board of Trustees for the Planters' Labor and Supply Company, and president of the Pacific Cable Company. He supported the idea that the United States should acquire a permanent lease with Hawaii for a naval base at Pearl Harbor. After the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in January of 1893, Hartwell served on the Annexation Commission. When Hawaii was annexed by the United States on July 7, 1898, he traveled to Washington to advise Secretary of State John Hay regarding Hawaii's future. On June 15, 1904, he was appointed Associate Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. He served in that capacity until August 15, 1907 when he was sworn in as Chief Justice. In February of 1911, he resigned and set sail for Europe. His vacation was cut short by illness and he returned to Hawaii. He died at his home in Honolulu on August 30, 1912. His grave is the westernmost grave of a Civil War general on American soil. (bio by: Thomas Fisher)
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Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell's Timeline
1836
June 11, 1836
Birth of Alfred
Dedham, Norfolk, MA, USA
1880
November 5, 1880
Age 44
Birth of Charles Atherton Hartwell
Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, USA
1912
August 30, 1912
Age 76
Death of Alfred
Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, USA
????
Burial of Alfred
Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States
Alfred S. Hartwell
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Alfred Stedman Hartwell
Alfred S. Hartwell
Born
June 11, 1836
Natick, Massachusetts
Died
August 30, 1912 (aged 76)
Honolulu
Occupation
Soldier, judge, lawyer
Spouse(s)
Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Smith
Children
8
Alfred Stedman Hartwell (June 11, 1836 – August 30, 1912) was a lawyer and American Civil War soldier, who then had another career as cabinet minister and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life
1.1 War
1.2 Hawaii
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Life[edit]
Alfred Stedman Hartwell was born June 11, 1836, in Natick, Massachusetts. His father was Stedman Hartwell and mother was Rebecca Dana Perry (1805–1872).[1] He graduated from Harvard University in 1858 where he was elected into the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[2]
War[edit]
He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and worked as an instructor at Washington University. In April 1861, at the outbreak of the American Civil War, he enlisted as Corporal in the Third Missouri Reserve regiment. Missouri was officially neutral but supporters of the Confederacy had captured Liberty Arsenal, and his company was called up to help recapture the weapons. This resulted in the Camp Jackson Affair.[3]
1858 Harvard graduation photo
In June he returned to Boston and enrolled in Harvard Law School, but by September 1862 became a first lieutenant in the 44th Massachusetts regiment. When the United States Colored Troops (USCT) were formed for African-American recruits, he was promoted to captain on March 31, 1863, of the 54th Massachusetts. However, the number of volunteers was higher than expected, so he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and helped organize the 55th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry under command of Norwood Penrose Hallowell. The 54th's role in the Second Battle of Fort Wagner was depicted in the film Glory. The 55th moved into their former barracks, and was ordered to embark in July 1863. They served building trenches on Folly Island supporting the siege of Charleston, South Carolina. When Hallowell had to resign for treatment of an old wound, Hartwell was promoted to command the regiment on November 3, 1863.[3]
Morale became a problem when his troops discovered that despite being promised the same pay as their white counterparts, they had a major deduction for a "clothing allowance". Hartwell complained to his commanding officers, and suggested promoting African-American troops to officers. On May 24, 1864, he commissioned John Freeman Shorter to be a second lieutenant, but it was refused by General John Porter Hatch. He protested up to the Secretary of War and threatened to resign, until the pay issue was settled in August 1864.[4]
In the Battle of Honey Hill on November 30, 1864, he commanded a brigade that included the 55th and 54th Massachusetts and the 102nd USCT. He was wounded and had his horse shot from under him leading three charges. Captain Thomas F. Ellsworth received the Congressional Medal of Honor because "Under a heavy fire [Ellsworth] carried his wounded commanding officer [Hartwell] from the field." The battle was generally a failure, but proved another example where the African-American troops could be used in battle.[5] On January 23, 1865,[6] President Abraham Lincoln nominated Hartwell for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, to rank from December 30, 1864, for gallant services at the battle of Honey Hill.[7] The U.S. Senate confirmed the award on February 14, 1865.[6]
On January 30, 1865, he rejoined his brigade, and in February 1865 he commanded the brigade in an attack on James Island, South Carolina (see Battle of Grimball's Causeway). After a few skirmishes, both sides retreated.[8] After the fall of Charleston, he marched his forces through the city, with the African-American troops at the head of his brigade. They occupied the city and dealt with the large number of refugees.
On April 5, 1865, he commanded another combined force that marched through Charleston again, although by now the Confederate army was generally dispersing. Their duties now were mostly peace-keeping and rebuilding bridges.[9] On May 1 his units were based in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and finally in June his promotions of black officers were finally approved. In August the 55th was taken out of service. However, Hartwell was sent to investigate Milton S. Littlefield who was accused of fraud (known as the "Prince of carpetbaggers").[10]
He was finally discharged on April 30, 1866. He returned to Boston, and was elected to the legislature of Massachusetts as a Republican. After the war he finished his last year of law school and graduated with an LLB degree from Harvard in 1867. He briefly started a law practice in Boston with classmate Samuel Craft Davis.[11] On August 15, 1868, he left at the suggestion of fellow Massachusetts lawyer Elisha Hunt Allen, intending to spend a year or two on an adventure to the Hawaiian Islands.[2]
Hawaii[edit]
He was appointed by King Kamehameha V to the supreme court of the Kingdom of Hawaii on the day he landed, September 30, 1868.[12]
There were so few trained lawyers in Hawaii, one of the other supreme court justices, Hermann A. Widemann, had never been to law school. Elisha Hunt Allen was still acting as chief justice, despite living in the United States much of the time.[13] He rented a room at Washington Place from Mary Dominis. Also living there was John Owen Dominis who was Governor of Oahu, and his wife Lydia, the future Queen Liliʻuokalani. He quickly learned the Hawaiian language and by December 1868 was instructing juries as a circuit court judge without an interpreter.[2] At the time, the supreme court was trial court for several kinds of cases, handled appeals, and its judges acted as circuit judges on other islands.
He married Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Smith (1845–1896) on January 10, 1872, in Kōloa on Kauaʻi island. Her father was missionary physician James William Smith who arrived in 1842 to Hawaii. Her brother was lawyer William Owen Smith (1848–1929)[14] who later joined him in law practice.[15] They had eight children:
Daughter Mabel Rebecca Hartwell was born April 5, 1873, and married Alfred Townsend in 1897.
Daughter Edith Millicent Hartwell was born May 25, 1874, and married Alfred Wellington Carter (1867–1949) in 1895.[16]
Daughter Madeline Perry Hartwell was born May 26, 1875, and married Albert Francis Judd, Jr. in 1899, son of Albert Francis Judd, and grandson of Gerrit P. Judd.
Daughter Charlotte Lee Hartwell was born October 22, 1876, and married Charles Henry Chater.
Daughter Juliette Hartwell was born July 27, 1879, and married Olaf L. Sorenson on May 18, 1912.
Son Charles Atherton Hartwell was born November 5, 1880, and married Cordelia Judd Carter (1876–1921), daughter of Henry A. P. Carter, cousin of A. W. Carter, and granddaughter of Gerrit.[16]
Bernice Hartwell was born August 15, 1882.
Alice Dorothy Hartwell was born July 27, 1884, and married Ferdinand Frederick Hedemann in 1927.[17]
For his honeymoon the couple traveled first to San Francisco in February 1872, where he found out his father had died on his wedding day. When they arrived in Natick, his mother was also ill, and they stayed until she died on June 11, 1872. They returned and rented a house in Honolulu in August 1872. In 1873 he hosted a visit of some other former civil war generals, including John Schofield, Rufus Ingalls and Barton S. Alexander, when they investigated the use of Pearl Harbor as a naval base. As King Lunalilo was dying, Hartwell advised him to name a clear successor, assuming it would be Queen Emma of Hawaii. However, Lunalilo died before naming an heir to the throne, resulting in a political crisis when the popular Emma was not elected.[2]
Hartwell was appointed Attorney General by King Kalākaua on February 18, 1874, replacing Albert Francis Judd (who moved onto the court), but was replaced on May 28.[18] On December 5, 1876, he was appointed again, replacing William Richards Castle. This time he served until July 3, 1878,[12] when he went into private practice. Hartwell suspected that Claus Spreckles had him removed because Hartwell was opposed to Spreckles plans to license water rights for his sugarcane plantations. In 1883 he closed his practice and traveled back to Boston, but returned to Hawaii in 1885.[13]
Alfred S. Hartwell in later life
In late 1890 he traveled to Washington, DC to negotiate on a cable connection between Hawaii and west coast of the United States. Although he did not support the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, he did lobby for its annexation to the US. In 1899 he traveled to Washington, DC as unofficial representative until Robert William Wilcox was elected.[19] On the same trip he attended the International commercial congress in Philadelphia.[20] In 1895 Hartwell wrote the document signed by Liliʻuokalani in which she agreed to abdicate, avoiding death sentences for those (including herself) convicted after the 1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii. Liliʻuokalani remained bitter about what she saw as a former friend working for her enemies.[21]
He formed a law form with Lorrin Andrews Thurston, one of the leaders of the overthrow, and then added his assistant William F. L. Stanley.[22] In 1901 he was hired to challenge the income tax in the Hawaii territorial court.[23] His daughter's brother-in-law George Robert Carter became Territorial Governor of Hawaiʻi in 1903. On June 15, 1904, he was appointed again to the Supreme Court of what was now the US Territory of Hawaii, and became chief justice August 15, 1907.[12] He replaced Walter F. Frear who in turn replaced Carter as Governor.
On March 9, 1911, he resigned and left in June for a vacation in Europe, but became ill in London and returned to Hawaii. He died in Honolulu on August 30, 1912, and was buried in Oahu Cemetery.[2]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alfred S. Hartwell.
List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War
Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Alfred Stedman Hartwell papers (1862-2003) at the State Library of Massachusetts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Carlos Slafter (1905). A record of education: the schools and teachers of Dedham, Massachusetts, 1644-1904. Dedham Transcript Press. p. 126.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Alfred Stedman Hartwell (1946) [1908]. "Forty Years of Hawaii Nei". Fifty-fourth Annual Report. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 7–24. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b James Lorenzo Bowen (1889). "Brevet Brigadier General Alfred S. Hartwell". Massachusetts in the war, 1861-1865. C. W. Bryan & Company. pp. 934–935.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Sutherland (2004). "55th Massachusetts Regiment Infantry (Civil War)". African Americans at war: an encyclopedia. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 169–171. ISBN 978-1-57607-746-7.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Sutherland (2004). "Honey Hill, Battle of (November 30, 1864)". African Americans at war: an encyclopedia. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-1-57607-746-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001, p. 747. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3
Jump up ^ Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R. Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue, p. 268. Gaithersburg, MD: Olde Soldier Books, Inc., 1990. ISBN 1-56013-002-4.
Jump up ^ United States War Records Office (1895). The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. Government Printing Office. pp. 1042–1043.
Jump up ^ Record of the service of the Fifty-fifth regiment of Massachusetts. Gale Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4328-1780-0.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Daniels (1974). Prince of carpetbaggers. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-7466-2.
Jump up ^ The report of the secretary of the Class of 1863 of Harvard College. University Press. 1888. p. 55.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hartwell, Alfred Stedman office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Hawaii. Supreme Court (1914). "In the Matter of the Presentation of Resolutions on the Death of the Late Honorable Alfred S. Hartwell". Hawaiian reports: cases decided in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 781–794.
Jump up ^ "Smith Family Records" (PDF). Kauaʻi Historical Society. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "William Owen Smith (1848-1929)". Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b George Robert Carter (1915). Joseph Oliver Carter: the founder of the Carter family in Hawaii, with a brief genealogy. Hawaiian Historical Society. pp. 10–12.
Jump up ^ "Catherine Cinderella HARTER - Lewis HERMANS". Alice Dorothy HARTWELL. Archived from the original on 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
Jump up ^ "Attorney General office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii to Send an Agent: Judge Hartwell Chosen as Representative at Washington" (pdf). new York Times. September 23, 1899. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Official proceedings of the International commercial congress: a conference of all nations for the extension of commercial intercourse. Press of the Philadelphia commercial museum. 1899. p. 390.
Jump up ^ Liliʻuokalani (Queen of Hawaii) (July 25, 2007) [1898]. Hawaii's story by Hawaii's queen, Liliuokalani. Lee and Shepard, reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0-548-22265-2.
Jump up ^ "Local Brevities". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. December 5, 1895. p. 5. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Income Tax Before the Supreme Court: It Must be Levied or the Government Can't Go on". The Honolulu republican. Honolulu. August 14, 1901. p. 5. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
External links[edit]
"Alfred S. Hartwell". Find a Grave. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
Kathy Dhalle (August 2006). "Alfred Stedman Hartwell". Bits of Blue and Gray. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Kathy Dhalle (April 1995). "History of the 55th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry". Lest We Forget Volume 3, Number 2. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
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Albert Francis Judd
Kingdom of Hawaii Attorney General
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Richard H. Stanley
Preceded by
William Richards Castle
Kingdom of Hawaii Attorney General
December 1876 – July 1878
Succeeded by
Edward Preston
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Walter F. Frear
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This page was last edited on 4 December 2017, at 19:42.
Reference: https://www.geni.com/people/Judge-Alfred-Hartwell/6000000015778455654
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_S._Hartwell
*******************************
William Owen Smith
Republic of Hawaii
Attorney General
In office
November 6, 1895 – March 20, 1899
President
Sanford B. Dole
Succeeded by
Henry E. Cooper
Personal details
Born
August 4, 1848
Kōloa, Kauaʻi
Died
April 13, 1929 (aged 80)
Honolulu
Spouse(s)
Mary Abbey Hobron
Occupation
Lawyer
William Owen Smith (August 4, 1848 – April 13, 1929) was a lawyer from a family of American missionaries who participated in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as attorney general for the entire duration of the provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life
2 Politics
2.1 Overthrow
2.2 Murder in the family
2.3 Return to private practice
3 Legacy
4 References
Life[edit]
Smith was born August 4, 1848 in Kōloa on the island of Kauaʻi. His mother was Millicent Knapp (1816–1891). His father was physician James William Smith (1810–1887).[1] His parents were in the tenth set of missionaries to Hawaii from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions who arrived in 1842.[2] His sister Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Smith (1845–1896) married Alfred Stedman Hartwell (1836–1912), who was a former general in the American Civil War, on January 10, 1872. His brother Jared Knapp Smith (1849–1897) became a physician and carried on his father's medical practice. His sister Melicent Lena Smith (1854–1943) married William Waterhouse (1852–1942). Waterhouse served as mayor of Pasadena, California 1904–1906.[3]
He attended Daniel Dole's missionary school at Kōloa, Punahou School from 1863 to 1866,[4] and then Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the University of Massachusetts Amherst).[5] On his return he worked as a clerk in his brother-in-law Hartwell's law office. He served as sheriff on Kauaʻi in 1870 and then Maui in 1872 through 1874. While working at the Lāhainā Courthouse, on April 24, 1873 he planted a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the arrival of Christian missionaries on the island.[6]
On March 23, 1876, he married Mary Abbey Hobron. They had five children: Clarence Hobron Smith, Ethel Frances Smith born November 17, 1879, Pauline Melicent Smith, Anna Katherine Smith, and Lorrin Knapp Smith.[7] He founded the law firm of Smith, Thurston & Kinney with Lorrin A. Thurston and William Ansel Kinney in Honolulu in 1887.
Politics[edit]
He acted as deputy attorney general, and was elected as a representative from Maui to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1878 to 1884. He helped draft the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii, which King Kalākaua was forced to sign, giving it the name "Bayonet Constitution". His law partner Thurston then became minister in the new cabinet.[8] In the 1887 and 1888 sessions he was elected to the upper House of Nobles. In 1892 he was elected as representative from Kauaʻi.[9]
Overthrow[edit]
Provisional cabinet: (left to right) J. A. King, Dole, Smith, P. C. Jones
He was a member of the Committee of Safety that organized the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 14, 1893. On January 17, he was appointed to the executive council (the new cabinet) of the Provisional Government of Hawaii under president Sanford B. Dole, the son of his former teacher. Dole's stepmother, Charlotte Close Knapp (1813–1874), was widow of Smith's uncle Horton Owen Knapp (1813–1845), who had been a missionary teacher himself on Kauaʻi.[10] Smith served as Attorney General of Hawaii from the creation of provisional government through the Republic of Hawaii. On December 18, 1895 he became a member of the board of health, and later its president. He had no formal training except for having a father and brother as practicing physicians.[9]
Murder in the family[edit]
His brother Jared Knapp Smith was shot dead on September 24, 1897. It was suspected to be in retaliation for ordering patients suspected of leprosy to have tests that might send them to exile in Kalaupapa. Similar tensions had ignited the Leper War on Kaua'i four years earlier. His former law partner Kinney sailed to Kauaʻi island and was appointed special prosecutor. A native Hawaiian suspect Kapea Kaʻahea was arrested, tried on November 13, 1897, and found guilty of murder in the first degree.[11]
Instead of waiting for next scheduled term of the circuit court, a special session had been called. Honolulu English-language newspapers said "there seems no doubt of the guilt of the chief prisoner" even before the trial.[12] The objections brought to the Supreme Court of Hawaii were quickly rejected on February 3, 1898.[13] Kapea was hanged on April 11, 1898. The rushed nature of the prosecution was thought to be an attempt to show the United States that the government was in firm control. Only a few months later in July 1898, the Newlands Resolution would annex the islands. Of the four executions for capital punishment between 1889 and 1903 in Hawaii, all four were of non-whites within a four-month period.[11]
Return to private practice[edit]
In August 1898 Smith offered to resign, but although now annexed, the old republic government continued to operate.[14] On March 20, 1899, Smith was replaced as attorney general by Henry Ernest Cooper and returned to private practice. Smith was elected to one term of the Territory of Hawaii senate from 1907 to 1909.[9]
Smith was a trustee of the Kamehameha Schools, founded from the estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, from 1884 to 1886 and from 1897 to 1929.[15] He was a trustee of the Lunalilo Estate, the Alexander Young Estate and the Honolulu children's hospital. He was on the board of the Guardian Trust Company, Bishop Trust Company, Inter-Island Steam Navigation company and Alexander & Baldwin. Despite his role in the overthrow, deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani selected him to be a founding trustee of her own estate when she made her will in December 1909.[16] Her personal assets were left in a trust to benefit orphans.[17]
On November 30, 1915, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole challenged the will in court, saying she was "of weakened mind" under the influence of the trustees. This was known as case 23 Haw. 457 in the Supreme Court of Hawaii. The feisty queen demanded a public hearing of her sanity in February 1916. The firm, now Smith, Warren & Sutton, successfully defended Liliʻuokalani.[18] His law partners at the time were Louis J. Warren and Edwin White Sutton.[19] Liliʻuokalani's charity still operates today.[20]
Legacy[edit]
Banyan tree he planted in 1873 still stands in Lāhainā
His daughter Ethel Frances Smith (1879–1967) married Henry Alexander Baldwin, known as "Harry" Baldwin who briefly became the congressional delegate for Hawaii. Daughter Anna Katherine Smith (1888–1960) married Harry's brother Samuel Alexander Baldwin (1885–1950) and lived on Maui. The father of his two sons-in-law was Henry Perrine Baldwin, founder of Alexander & Baldwin. Clarence Hobron Smith married Margherita Adele Browning May 7, 1908 in New York. They then moved to Italy.[21] Youngest son Lorrin Knapp Smith was born October 10, 1890, married Sila Pratt (1890–1952), became a ranch manager on Maui, and died October 27, 1930. The Maui branches of the family are buried in the cemetery at Makawao Union Church.[22] His niece Madeline Perry Hartwell married Albert Francis Judd, Jr., son of Chief Justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court Albert Francis Judd on July 21, 1899.[23]
His ties to the oligarchy known as the "Big Five" that dominated the island economy led the opposition press to call him "King Bill the First". They described him using a mix of stereotypes:
He was narrow-minded as a New Englander, domineering as a Russian Czar, yet suave as a Frenchman. He was obstinate as a Scotchman, generous as a Southerner, and at times vicious as an Indian. But he was withal the hardest working official we have ever heard of—next to the Devil.[14]
In 1926 he was appointed to help organize the public archives of Hawaii.[9] He donated many of his papers to the collection, including drafts of the 1887 constitution.[8]
Smith died April 13, 1929 in his home in the Nuʻuanu Valley near Honolulu from pneumonia. After a number of partner changes, his law firm survives as Case Lombardi & Pettit.[24] Partner Daniel H. Case is the father of Steve Case and uncle of Congressman Ed Case. Case was lawyer for Grove Farm, when it was bought by his son.[25] It includes the area where Smith grew up. Other notable members of the firm through the years included Cyrus Nils Tavares, Alan Cooke Kay, and W. F.L. Stanley.[24]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Owen Smith.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1901). Portraits of American Protestant missionaries to Hawaii. Honolulu: Hawaiian gazette co. p. 78.
Jump up ^ "Smith Family Records" (PDF). Kauaʻi Historical Society. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ J. W. Wood (1917). Pasadena, California, historical and personal: a complete history of the organization of the Indiana colony, its establishment on the Rancho San Pascual and its evolution into the city of Pasadena. pp. 210–212.
Jump up ^ William DeWitt Alexander (1907). Oahu College: list of trustees, presidents, instructors, matrons, librarians, superintendents of grounds and students, 1841–1906. Historical sketch of Oahu College. Hawaiian Gazette Company. pp. 79–80.
Jump up ^ Henry Hill Goodsell; Frederick Tuckerman (1886). General catalogue of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, including the ofiicers of government and instruction, sketches of the alumni, occupations and addresses of the non-graduates, and other matters of interest relating to the college. 1862–1886. J. E. Williams, printer. p. 89.
Jump up ^ John R. K. Clark (2001). Hawai'i place names: shores, beaches, and surf sites. University of Hawaii Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8248-2451-8.
Jump up ^ John William Siddall, ed. (1921). Men of Hawaii: being a biographical reference library, complete and authentic, of the men of note and substantial achievement in the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 365.
^ Jump up to: a b David W. Forbes (2003). Hawaiian national bibliography, 1780–1900. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 232–233. ISBN 978-0-8248-2636-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Smith, William Owen, office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ R. Thomas Collins; Joseph S. Wood (March 1999). One Life at a Time: A New World Family Narrative, 1630–1960. RavensYard Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-9667883-0-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Esther Kwon Arinaga; Caroline Axtell Garrett (2008). "Murder, a Trial, a Hanging: The Kapea Case of 1897–1898". Hawaiian Journal of History. 42. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 201–230. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Lodged in Jail: Murderers of Dr. Smith Were Captured". The Hawaiian gazette. Honolulu. October 5, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hawaii Supreme Court (1899). "Republic of Hawaii v. Kapea, Kaio and Upapa". Reports of decisions rendered by the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands. H. L. Sheldon. pp. 293–314.
^ Jump up to: a b "King Bill the First". The Independent. Honolulu. March 16, 1899. p. 2. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ "First Years: Trustees: William Owen Smith (1848–1929)". The Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Queen Lili'uokalani's Deed of Trust" (PDF). The Queen Liliuokalani Trust. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ex-Queen to Endow Orphans: Liliuokalani Makes Trust So Disposing of Bulk of Property After Death" (pdf). New York Times. December 4, 1909. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hawaii Supreme Court (1917). Hawaiian reports: cases decided in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii. 23. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 457–476.
Jump up ^ Maryland Casualty Company (1917). Lawyers list. H.R. Brown. p. 62.
Jump up ^ "The Queen Liliuokalani Trust". official web site. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1920). Annual report. p. 53.
Jump up ^ S. Viehweg (October 2004). "Makawao Cemetery, Makawao, Maui County, Hawaii". Retrieved August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ George R. Carter and Mary H. Hopkins, eds. (July 1922). A record of the descendants of Dr. Gerrit P. Judd of Hawaii, March 8, 1829, to April 16, 1922. Hawaiian Historical Society.
^ Jump up to: a b "An Uncommon History". official web site. Case Lombardi & Pettit, A Law Corporation – Honolulu, Hawaii. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Stewart Yerton (April 23, 2006). "Grove Farm – a house divided: Litigation that divides family stems from sale clouded in suspicions". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Owen_Smith&oldid=801261356"
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*******************************
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This page was last edited on 18 September 2017, at 17:14.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Owen_Smith
IMPORTANT TO KNOW
Conspiracy is documented:
"Chief Justice Lee charged the jury, that every fraudulent combination, mutual understanding, or concerting together of two or more, to do what is obviously and directly wrongfully injurious t another, is a conspiracy;.........understood each other and concerted together to defraud....they were guilty. .....That it was not necessary to rove a direct concert between......., but that such concert was a fair subject of inference for the jury, from all the facts submitted in evidence. That a mutual concert in cases like this, could seldom if ever be proved, otherwise than by circumstances, as conspirators do not call in witnesses to their undertakings."
Reference: HAWAIIAN REPORTS, 1851, The King v. Anderson and Russell, Volume I, Supreme Court Law Library/Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
Judge A. S. Hartwell was the brother-in-law of William O. Smith.
Reference:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, September 28, 1891, Image 2
Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI
Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1891-09-28/ed-1/s...
Print this image | Download this image
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Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell
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Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell
Birthdate:
June 11, 1836 (76)
Birthplace:
Dedham, Norfolk, MA, USA
Death:
August 30, 1912 (76)
Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, USA
Place of Burial:
Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States
Immediate Family:
Husband of Charlotte Elizabeth L Hartwell
Father of Charles Atherton Hartwell
Managed by:
Nancy D. Coon
Last Updated:
October 17, 2016
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Immediate Family
Charlotte Elizabeth L Hartwell
wife
Charles Atherton Hartwell
son
About Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell
Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General. After graduating from Harvard University in 1858, Hartwell became a tutor at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. When the Civil War began, he joined the 3rd Missouri Reserve Regiment and fought for the surrender of the pro-Confederate Camp Jackson. After relative peace was established in St. Louis in June of 1861, he returned to Massachusetts and began his studies at Harvard Law School. In September of 1862, he received a commission as a first lieutenant in the 44th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He saw action in Goldsboro and Kingston, North Carolina. On January 26, 1863, Governor John Albion Andrew received permission to begin recruitment of African-Americans to man regiments of volunteer infantry. The "United States Colored Troops" were to be commanded by white officers. Initially, Hartwell was commissioned as senior captain of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Because of excessive enlistments, a second regiment, the 55th, was formed and Hartwell was made its lieutenant colonel. On July 21, they embarked for New Bern, North Carolina. With the news of losses suffered by Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the 55th was ordered to Folly Island, South Carolina where they set up a base camp. The commanding officer, Norwood P. Hallowell was forced to resign in the fall of 1863 because of an injury; and Hartwell was elevated to colonelcy of the 55th. The issue of equal pay with white troops consumed much of Hartwell's time. He also advocated for the promotion of qualified African-American men to higher rank. On October 7, 1864, the pay issue was finally resolved to the satisfaction of the men. At the end of November of 1864, the 55th was sent on an expedition down the Broad River to destroy the railroad at Grahamville, South Carolina. On November 30th, they came upon a large Confederate earthwork fort hidden in the trees at Homey Hill. Hartwell led three separate charges in an attempt to take the fort. He was wounded three times and had his horse blown out from under him. He was removed from the field, treated, and sent home to recuperate. On December 30, 1864, he was breveted brigadier general "for gallant services at the Battle of Honey Hill." He rejoined his regiment in January of 1865 and served for the remainder of the war trying to keep central South Carolina secure. After the war, Hartwell returned to Massachusetts and practiced law. In 1868, he was offered and accepted the position of First Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii by King Kamehameha V. In 1874, he was asked to serve as King Kalakaua's Attorney General. He reluctantly agreed, but resigned after one year to resume the practice of law. In Hawaii, he served on a number of boards and commissions. He served as editor of the Hawaiian Gazette, member of the Board of Trustees for the Planters' Labor and Supply Company, and president of the Pacific Cable Company. He supported the idea that the United States should acquire a permanent lease with Hawaii for a naval base at Pearl Harbor. After the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in January of 1893, Hartwell served on the Annexation Commission. When Hawaii was annexed by the United States on July 7, 1898, he traveled to Washington to advise Secretary of State John Hay regarding Hawaii's future. On June 15, 1904, he was appointed Associate Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. He served in that capacity until August 15, 1907 when he was sworn in as Chief Justice. In February of 1911, he resigned and set sail for Europe. His vacation was cut short by illness and he returned to Hawaii. He died at his home in Honolulu on August 30, 1912. His grave is the westernmost grave of a Civil War general on American soil. (bio by: Thomas Fisher)
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Hartw...;
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Judge Alfred Stedman Hartwell's Timeline
1836
June 11, 1836
Birth of Alfred
Dedham, Norfolk, MA, USA
1880
November 5, 1880
Age 44
Birth of Charles Atherton Hartwell
Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, USA
1912
August 30, 1912
Age 76
Death of Alfred
Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, USA
????
Burial of Alfred
Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States
Alfred S. Hartwell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Alfred Stedman Hartwell
Alfred S. Hartwell
Born
June 11, 1836
Natick, Massachusetts
Died
August 30, 1912 (aged 76)
Honolulu
Occupation
Soldier, judge, lawyer
Spouse(s)
Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Smith
Children
8
Alfred Stedman Hartwell (June 11, 1836 – August 30, 1912) was a lawyer and American Civil War soldier, who then had another career as cabinet minister and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life
1.1 War
1.2 Hawaii
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Life[edit]
Alfred Stedman Hartwell was born June 11, 1836, in Natick, Massachusetts. His father was Stedman Hartwell and mother was Rebecca Dana Perry (1805–1872).[1] He graduated from Harvard University in 1858 where he was elected into the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[2]
War[edit]
He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and worked as an instructor at Washington University. In April 1861, at the outbreak of the American Civil War, he enlisted as Corporal in the Third Missouri Reserve regiment. Missouri was officially neutral but supporters of the Confederacy had captured Liberty Arsenal, and his company was called up to help recapture the weapons. This resulted in the Camp Jackson Affair.[3]
1858 Harvard graduation photo
In June he returned to Boston and enrolled in Harvard Law School, but by September 1862 became a first lieutenant in the 44th Massachusetts regiment. When the United States Colored Troops (USCT) were formed for African-American recruits, he was promoted to captain on March 31, 1863, of the 54th Massachusetts. However, the number of volunteers was higher than expected, so he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and helped organize the 55th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry under command of Norwood Penrose Hallowell. The 54th's role in the Second Battle of Fort Wagner was depicted in the film Glory. The 55th moved into their former barracks, and was ordered to embark in July 1863. They served building trenches on Folly Island supporting the siege of Charleston, South Carolina. When Hallowell had to resign for treatment of an old wound, Hartwell was promoted to command the regiment on November 3, 1863.[3]
Morale became a problem when his troops discovered that despite being promised the same pay as their white counterparts, they had a major deduction for a "clothing allowance". Hartwell complained to his commanding officers, and suggested promoting African-American troops to officers. On May 24, 1864, he commissioned John Freeman Shorter to be a second lieutenant, but it was refused by General John Porter Hatch. He protested up to the Secretary of War and threatened to resign, until the pay issue was settled in August 1864.[4]
In the Battle of Honey Hill on November 30, 1864, he commanded a brigade that included the 55th and 54th Massachusetts and the 102nd USCT. He was wounded and had his horse shot from under him leading three charges. Captain Thomas F. Ellsworth received the Congressional Medal of Honor because "Under a heavy fire [Ellsworth] carried his wounded commanding officer [Hartwell] from the field." The battle was generally a failure, but proved another example where the African-American troops could be used in battle.[5] On January 23, 1865,[6] President Abraham Lincoln nominated Hartwell for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, to rank from December 30, 1864, for gallant services at the battle of Honey Hill.[7] The U.S. Senate confirmed the award on February 14, 1865.[6]
On January 30, 1865, he rejoined his brigade, and in February 1865 he commanded the brigade in an attack on James Island, South Carolina (see Battle of Grimball's Causeway). After a few skirmishes, both sides retreated.[8] After the fall of Charleston, he marched his forces through the city, with the African-American troops at the head of his brigade. They occupied the city and dealt with the large number of refugees.
On April 5, 1865, he commanded another combined force that marched through Charleston again, although by now the Confederate army was generally dispersing. Their duties now were mostly peace-keeping and rebuilding bridges.[9] On May 1 his units were based in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and finally in June his promotions of black officers were finally approved. In August the 55th was taken out of service. However, Hartwell was sent to investigate Milton S. Littlefield who was accused of fraud (known as the "Prince of carpetbaggers").[10]
He was finally discharged on April 30, 1866. He returned to Boston, and was elected to the legislature of Massachusetts as a Republican. After the war he finished his last year of law school and graduated with an LLB degree from Harvard in 1867. He briefly started a law practice in Boston with classmate Samuel Craft Davis.[11] On August 15, 1868, he left at the suggestion of fellow Massachusetts lawyer Elisha Hunt Allen, intending to spend a year or two on an adventure to the Hawaiian Islands.[2]
Hawaii[edit]
He was appointed by King Kamehameha V to the supreme court of the Kingdom of Hawaii on the day he landed, September 30, 1868.[12]
There were so few trained lawyers in Hawaii, one of the other supreme court justices, Hermann A. Widemann, had never been to law school. Elisha Hunt Allen was still acting as chief justice, despite living in the United States much of the time.[13] He rented a room at Washington Place from Mary Dominis. Also living there was John Owen Dominis who was Governor of Oahu, and his wife Lydia, the future Queen Liliʻuokalani. He quickly learned the Hawaiian language and by December 1868 was instructing juries as a circuit court judge without an interpreter.[2] At the time, the supreme court was trial court for several kinds of cases, handled appeals, and its judges acted as circuit judges on other islands.
He married Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Smith (1845–1896) on January 10, 1872, in Kōloa on Kauaʻi island. Her father was missionary physician James William Smith who arrived in 1842 to Hawaii. Her brother was lawyer William Owen Smith (1848–1929)[14] who later joined him in law practice.[15] They had eight children:
Daughter Mabel Rebecca Hartwell was born April 5, 1873, and married Alfred Townsend in 1897.
Daughter Edith Millicent Hartwell was born May 25, 1874, and married Alfred Wellington Carter (1867–1949) in 1895.[16]
Daughter Madeline Perry Hartwell was born May 26, 1875, and married Albert Francis Judd, Jr. in 1899, son of Albert Francis Judd, and grandson of Gerrit P. Judd.
Daughter Charlotte Lee Hartwell was born October 22, 1876, and married Charles Henry Chater.
Daughter Juliette Hartwell was born July 27, 1879, and married Olaf L. Sorenson on May 18, 1912.
Son Charles Atherton Hartwell was born November 5, 1880, and married Cordelia Judd Carter (1876–1921), daughter of Henry A. P. Carter, cousin of A. W. Carter, and granddaughter of Gerrit.[16]
Bernice Hartwell was born August 15, 1882.
Alice Dorothy Hartwell was born July 27, 1884, and married Ferdinand Frederick Hedemann in 1927.[17]
For his honeymoon the couple traveled first to San Francisco in February 1872, where he found out his father had died on his wedding day. When they arrived in Natick, his mother was also ill, and they stayed until she died on June 11, 1872. They returned and rented a house in Honolulu in August 1872. In 1873 he hosted a visit of some other former civil war generals, including John Schofield, Rufus Ingalls and Barton S. Alexander, when they investigated the use of Pearl Harbor as a naval base. As King Lunalilo was dying, Hartwell advised him to name a clear successor, assuming it would be Queen Emma of Hawaii. However, Lunalilo died before naming an heir to the throne, resulting in a political crisis when the popular Emma was not elected.[2]
Hartwell was appointed Attorney General by King Kalākaua on February 18, 1874, replacing Albert Francis Judd (who moved onto the court), but was replaced on May 28.[18] On December 5, 1876, he was appointed again, replacing William Richards Castle. This time he served until July 3, 1878,[12] when he went into private practice. Hartwell suspected that Claus Spreckles had him removed because Hartwell was opposed to Spreckles plans to license water rights for his sugarcane plantations. In 1883 he closed his practice and traveled back to Boston, but returned to Hawaii in 1885.[13]
Alfred S. Hartwell in later life
In late 1890 he traveled to Washington, DC to negotiate on a cable connection between Hawaii and west coast of the United States. Although he did not support the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, he did lobby for its annexation to the US. In 1899 he traveled to Washington, DC as unofficial representative until Robert William Wilcox was elected.[19] On the same trip he attended the International commercial congress in Philadelphia.[20] In 1895 Hartwell wrote the document signed by Liliʻuokalani in which she agreed to abdicate, avoiding death sentences for those (including herself) convicted after the 1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii. Liliʻuokalani remained bitter about what she saw as a former friend working for her enemies.[21]
He formed a law form with Lorrin Andrews Thurston, one of the leaders of the overthrow, and then added his assistant William F. L. Stanley.[22] In 1901 he was hired to challenge the income tax in the Hawaii territorial court.[23] His daughter's brother-in-law George Robert Carter became Territorial Governor of Hawaiʻi in 1903. On June 15, 1904, he was appointed again to the Supreme Court of what was now the US Territory of Hawaii, and became chief justice August 15, 1907.[12] He replaced Walter F. Frear who in turn replaced Carter as Governor.
On March 9, 1911, he resigned and left in June for a vacation in Europe, but became ill in London and returned to Hawaii. He died in Honolulu on August 30, 1912, and was buried in Oahu Cemetery.[2]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alfred S. Hartwell.
List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War
Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Alfred Stedman Hartwell papers (1862-2003) at the State Library of Massachusetts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Carlos Slafter (1905). A record of education: the schools and teachers of Dedham, Massachusetts, 1644-1904. Dedham Transcript Press. p. 126.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Alfred Stedman Hartwell (1946) [1908]. "Forty Years of Hawaii Nei". Fifty-fourth Annual Report. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 7–24. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b James Lorenzo Bowen (1889). "Brevet Brigadier General Alfred S. Hartwell". Massachusetts in the war, 1861-1865. C. W. Bryan & Company. pp. 934–935.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Sutherland (2004). "55th Massachusetts Regiment Infantry (Civil War)". African Americans at war: an encyclopedia. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 169–171. ISBN 978-1-57607-746-7.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Sutherland (2004). "Honey Hill, Battle of (November 30, 1864)". African Americans at war: an encyclopedia. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-1-57607-746-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001, p. 747. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3
Jump up ^ Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R. Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue, p. 268. Gaithersburg, MD: Olde Soldier Books, Inc., 1990. ISBN 1-56013-002-4.
Jump up ^ United States War Records Office (1895). The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. Government Printing Office. pp. 1042–1043.
Jump up ^ Record of the service of the Fifty-fifth regiment of Massachusetts. Gale Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4328-1780-0.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Daniels (1974). Prince of carpetbaggers. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-7466-2.
Jump up ^ The report of the secretary of the Class of 1863 of Harvard College. University Press. 1888. p. 55.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hartwell, Alfred Stedman office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Hawaii. Supreme Court (1914). "In the Matter of the Presentation of Resolutions on the Death of the Late Honorable Alfred S. Hartwell". Hawaiian reports: cases decided in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 781–794.
Jump up ^ "Smith Family Records" (PDF). Kauaʻi Historical Society. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "William Owen Smith (1848-1929)". Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b George Robert Carter (1915). Joseph Oliver Carter: the founder of the Carter family in Hawaii, with a brief genealogy. Hawaiian Historical Society. pp. 10–12.
Jump up ^ "Catherine Cinderella HARTER - Lewis HERMANS". Alice Dorothy HARTWELL. Archived from the original on 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
Jump up ^ "Attorney General office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii to Send an Agent: Judge Hartwell Chosen as Representative at Washington" (pdf). new York Times. September 23, 1899. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Official proceedings of the International commercial congress: a conference of all nations for the extension of commercial intercourse. Press of the Philadelphia commercial museum. 1899. p. 390.
Jump up ^ Liliʻuokalani (Queen of Hawaii) (July 25, 2007) [1898]. Hawaii's story by Hawaii's queen, Liliuokalani. Lee and Shepard, reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0-548-22265-2.
Jump up ^ "Local Brevities". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. December 5, 1895. p. 5. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Income Tax Before the Supreme Court: It Must be Levied or the Government Can't Go on". The Honolulu republican. Honolulu. August 14, 1901. p. 5. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
External links[edit]
"Alfred S. Hartwell". Find a Grave. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
Kathy Dhalle (August 2006). "Alfred Stedman Hartwell". Bits of Blue and Gray. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Kathy Dhalle (April 1995). "History of the 55th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry". Lest We Forget Volume 3, Number 2. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Government offices
Preceded by
Albert Francis Judd
Kingdom of Hawaii Attorney General
February–May 1874
Succeeded by
Richard H. Stanley
Preceded by
William Richards Castle
Kingdom of Hawaii Attorney General
December 1876 – July 1878
Succeeded by
Edward Preston
Legal offices
Preceded by
Walter F. Frear
Territory of Hawaii Supreme Court Chief Justice
August 1907 – March 1911
Succeeded by
Alexander G. M. Robertson
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This page was last edited on 4 December 2017, at 19:42.
Reference: https://www.geni.com/people/Judge-Alfred-Hartwell/6000000015778455654
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_S._Hartwell
*******************************
William Owen Smith
Republic of Hawaii
Attorney General
In office
November 6, 1895 – March 20, 1899
President
Sanford B. Dole
Succeeded by
Henry E. Cooper
Personal details
Born
August 4, 1848
Kōloa, Kauaʻi
Died
April 13, 1929 (aged 80)
Honolulu
Spouse(s)
Mary Abbey Hobron
Occupation
Lawyer
William Owen Smith (August 4, 1848 – April 13, 1929) was a lawyer from a family of American missionaries who participated in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as attorney general for the entire duration of the provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life
2 Politics
2.1 Overthrow
2.2 Murder in the family
2.3 Return to private practice
3 Legacy
4 References
Life[edit]
Smith was born August 4, 1848 in Kōloa on the island of Kauaʻi. His mother was Millicent Knapp (1816–1891). His father was physician James William Smith (1810–1887).[1] His parents were in the tenth set of missionaries to Hawaii from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions who arrived in 1842.[2] His sister Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Smith (1845–1896) married Alfred Stedman Hartwell (1836–1912), who was a former general in the American Civil War, on January 10, 1872. His brother Jared Knapp Smith (1849–1897) became a physician and carried on his father's medical practice. His sister Melicent Lena Smith (1854–1943) married William Waterhouse (1852–1942). Waterhouse served as mayor of Pasadena, California 1904–1906.[3]
He attended Daniel Dole's missionary school at Kōloa, Punahou School from 1863 to 1866,[4] and then Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the University of Massachusetts Amherst).[5] On his return he worked as a clerk in his brother-in-law Hartwell's law office. He served as sheriff on Kauaʻi in 1870 and then Maui in 1872 through 1874. While working at the Lāhainā Courthouse, on April 24, 1873 he planted a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the arrival of Christian missionaries on the island.[6]
On March 23, 1876, he married Mary Abbey Hobron. They had five children: Clarence Hobron Smith, Ethel Frances Smith born November 17, 1879, Pauline Melicent Smith, Anna Katherine Smith, and Lorrin Knapp Smith.[7] He founded the law firm of Smith, Thurston & Kinney with Lorrin A. Thurston and William Ansel Kinney in Honolulu in 1887.
Politics[edit]
He acted as deputy attorney general, and was elected as a representative from Maui to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1878 to 1884. He helped draft the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii, which King Kalākaua was forced to sign, giving it the name "Bayonet Constitution". His law partner Thurston then became minister in the new cabinet.[8] In the 1887 and 1888 sessions he was elected to the upper House of Nobles. In 1892 he was elected as representative from Kauaʻi.[9]
Overthrow[edit]
Provisional cabinet: (left to right) J. A. King, Dole, Smith, P. C. Jones
He was a member of the Committee of Safety that organized the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 14, 1893. On January 17, he was appointed to the executive council (the new cabinet) of the Provisional Government of Hawaii under president Sanford B. Dole, the son of his former teacher. Dole's stepmother, Charlotte Close Knapp (1813–1874), was widow of Smith's uncle Horton Owen Knapp (1813–1845), who had been a missionary teacher himself on Kauaʻi.[10] Smith served as Attorney General of Hawaii from the creation of provisional government through the Republic of Hawaii. On December 18, 1895 he became a member of the board of health, and later its president. He had no formal training except for having a father and brother as practicing physicians.[9]
Murder in the family[edit]
His brother Jared Knapp Smith was shot dead on September 24, 1897. It was suspected to be in retaliation for ordering patients suspected of leprosy to have tests that might send them to exile in Kalaupapa. Similar tensions had ignited the Leper War on Kaua'i four years earlier. His former law partner Kinney sailed to Kauaʻi island and was appointed special prosecutor. A native Hawaiian suspect Kapea Kaʻahea was arrested, tried on November 13, 1897, and found guilty of murder in the first degree.[11]
Instead of waiting for next scheduled term of the circuit court, a special session had been called. Honolulu English-language newspapers said "there seems no doubt of the guilt of the chief prisoner" even before the trial.[12] The objections brought to the Supreme Court of Hawaii were quickly rejected on February 3, 1898.[13] Kapea was hanged on April 11, 1898. The rushed nature of the prosecution was thought to be an attempt to show the United States that the government was in firm control. Only a few months later in July 1898, the Newlands Resolution would annex the islands. Of the four executions for capital punishment between 1889 and 1903 in Hawaii, all four were of non-whites within a four-month period.[11]
Return to private practice[edit]
In August 1898 Smith offered to resign, but although now annexed, the old republic government continued to operate.[14] On March 20, 1899, Smith was replaced as attorney general by Henry Ernest Cooper and returned to private practice. Smith was elected to one term of the Territory of Hawaii senate from 1907 to 1909.[9]
Smith was a trustee of the Kamehameha Schools, founded from the estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, from 1884 to 1886 and from 1897 to 1929.[15] He was a trustee of the Lunalilo Estate, the Alexander Young Estate and the Honolulu children's hospital. He was on the board of the Guardian Trust Company, Bishop Trust Company, Inter-Island Steam Navigation company and Alexander & Baldwin. Despite his role in the overthrow, deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani selected him to be a founding trustee of her own estate when she made her will in December 1909.[16] Her personal assets were left in a trust to benefit orphans.[17]
On November 30, 1915, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole challenged the will in court, saying she was "of weakened mind" under the influence of the trustees. This was known as case 23 Haw. 457 in the Supreme Court of Hawaii. The feisty queen demanded a public hearing of her sanity in February 1916. The firm, now Smith, Warren & Sutton, successfully defended Liliʻuokalani.[18] His law partners at the time were Louis J. Warren and Edwin White Sutton.[19] Liliʻuokalani's charity still operates today.[20]
Legacy[edit]
Banyan tree he planted in 1873 still stands in Lāhainā
His daughter Ethel Frances Smith (1879–1967) married Henry Alexander Baldwin, known as "Harry" Baldwin who briefly became the congressional delegate for Hawaii. Daughter Anna Katherine Smith (1888–1960) married Harry's brother Samuel Alexander Baldwin (1885–1950) and lived on Maui. The father of his two sons-in-law was Henry Perrine Baldwin, founder of Alexander & Baldwin. Clarence Hobron Smith married Margherita Adele Browning May 7, 1908 in New York. They then moved to Italy.[21] Youngest son Lorrin Knapp Smith was born October 10, 1890, married Sila Pratt (1890–1952), became a ranch manager on Maui, and died October 27, 1930. The Maui branches of the family are buried in the cemetery at Makawao Union Church.[22] His niece Madeline Perry Hartwell married Albert Francis Judd, Jr., son of Chief Justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court Albert Francis Judd on July 21, 1899.[23]
His ties to the oligarchy known as the "Big Five" that dominated the island economy led the opposition press to call him "King Bill the First". They described him using a mix of stereotypes:
He was narrow-minded as a New Englander, domineering as a Russian Czar, yet suave as a Frenchman. He was obstinate as a Scotchman, generous as a Southerner, and at times vicious as an Indian. But he was withal the hardest working official we have ever heard of—next to the Devil.[14]
In 1926 he was appointed to help organize the public archives of Hawaii.[9] He donated many of his papers to the collection, including drafts of the 1887 constitution.[8]
Smith died April 13, 1929 in his home in the Nuʻuanu Valley near Honolulu from pneumonia. After a number of partner changes, his law firm survives as Case Lombardi & Pettit.[24] Partner Daniel H. Case is the father of Steve Case and uncle of Congressman Ed Case. Case was lawyer for Grove Farm, when it was bought by his son.[25] It includes the area where Smith grew up. Other notable members of the firm through the years included Cyrus Nils Tavares, Alan Cooke Kay, and W. F.L. Stanley.[24]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Owen Smith.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1901). Portraits of American Protestant missionaries to Hawaii. Honolulu: Hawaiian gazette co. p. 78.
Jump up ^ "Smith Family Records" (PDF). Kauaʻi Historical Society. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ J. W. Wood (1917). Pasadena, California, historical and personal: a complete history of the organization of the Indiana colony, its establishment on the Rancho San Pascual and its evolution into the city of Pasadena. pp. 210–212.
Jump up ^ William DeWitt Alexander (1907). Oahu College: list of trustees, presidents, instructors, matrons, librarians, superintendents of grounds and students, 1841–1906. Historical sketch of Oahu College. Hawaiian Gazette Company. pp. 79–80.
Jump up ^ Henry Hill Goodsell; Frederick Tuckerman (1886). General catalogue of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, including the ofiicers of government and instruction, sketches of the alumni, occupations and addresses of the non-graduates, and other matters of interest relating to the college. 1862–1886. J. E. Williams, printer. p. 89.
Jump up ^ John R. K. Clark (2001). Hawai'i place names: shores, beaches, and surf sites. University of Hawaii Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8248-2451-8.
Jump up ^ John William Siddall, ed. (1921). Men of Hawaii: being a biographical reference library, complete and authentic, of the men of note and substantial achievement in the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 365.
^ Jump up to: a b David W. Forbes (2003). Hawaiian national bibliography, 1780–1900. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 232–233. ISBN 978-0-8248-2636-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Smith, William Owen, office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ R. Thomas Collins; Joseph S. Wood (March 1999). One Life at a Time: A New World Family Narrative, 1630–1960. RavensYard Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-9667883-0-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Esther Kwon Arinaga; Caroline Axtell Garrett (2008). "Murder, a Trial, a Hanging: The Kapea Case of 1897–1898". Hawaiian Journal of History. 42. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 201–230. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Lodged in Jail: Murderers of Dr. Smith Were Captured". The Hawaiian gazette. Honolulu. October 5, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hawaii Supreme Court (1899). "Republic of Hawaii v. Kapea, Kaio and Upapa". Reports of decisions rendered by the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands. H. L. Sheldon. pp. 293–314.
^ Jump up to: a b "King Bill the First". The Independent. Honolulu. March 16, 1899. p. 2. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ "First Years: Trustees: William Owen Smith (1848–1929)". The Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Queen Lili'uokalani's Deed of Trust" (PDF). The Queen Liliuokalani Trust. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ex-Queen to Endow Orphans: Liliuokalani Makes Trust So Disposing of Bulk of Property After Death" (pdf). New York Times. December 4, 1909. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hawaii Supreme Court (1917). Hawaiian reports: cases decided in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii. 23. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 457–476.
Jump up ^ Maryland Casualty Company (1917). Lawyers list. H.R. Brown. p. 62.
Jump up ^ "The Queen Liliuokalani Trust". official web site. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1920). Annual report. p. 53.
Jump up ^ S. Viehweg (October 2004). "Makawao Cemetery, Makawao, Maui County, Hawaii". Retrieved August 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ George R. Carter and Mary H. Hopkins, eds. (July 1922). A record of the descendants of Dr. Gerrit P. Judd of Hawaii, March 8, 1829, to April 16, 1922. Hawaiian Historical Society.
^ Jump up to: a b "An Uncommon History". official web site. Case Lombardi & Pettit, A Law Corporation – Honolulu, Hawaii. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Stewart Yerton (April 23, 2006). "Grove Farm – a house divided: Litigation that divides family stems from sale clouded in suspicions". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Government offices
Preceded by
Arthur P. Peterson
Republic of Hawaii Attorney General
1893–1899
Succeeded by
Henry E. Cooper
[show]
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t
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Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs
[show]
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Attorneys General of Hawaii
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VIAF: 2368000
IATH: w6z365d8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Owen_Smith&oldid=801261356"
Categories:
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*******************************
facebook:
https://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/…/conspiracyies-fa… Why the American Embassy must replace the illegal entity State of Hawaii ….read, share far and wide... pass on to Families, Friends...……..aloha.
This page was last edited on 18 September 2017, at 17:14.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Owen_Smith
IMPORTANT TO KNOW
Conspiracy is documented:
"Chief Justice Lee charged the jury, that every fraudulent combination, mutual understanding, or concerting together of two or more, to do what is obviously and directly wrongfully injurious t another, is a conspiracy;.........understood each other and concerted together to defraud....they were guilty. .....That it was not necessary to rove a direct concert between......., but that such concert was a fair subject of inference for the jury, from all the facts submitted in evidence. That a mutual concert in cases like this, could seldom if ever be proved, otherwise than by circumstances, as conspirators do not call in witnesses to their undertakings."
Reference: HAWAIIAN REPORTS, 1851, The King v. Anderson and Russell, Volume I, Supreme Court Law Library/Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
Judge A. S. Hartwell was the brother-in-law of William O. Smith.
Reference:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, September 28, 1891, Image 2
Image provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI
Persistent link: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1891-09-28/ed-1/s...
Print this image | Download this image
Research incomplete.
aloha.
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